The Outcomes of Minimally Invasive versus Open Posterior Approach Spinal Fusion in Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: The Current Evidence from Prospective Comparative Studies

Table 1

The characteristics of the included studies.

Authors	Ghahreman et al.	Wang et al.	Archavlis and Carvi y Nievas	Kotani et al.	Parker et al.
Year	2010	2010	2013	2012	2014
Study design	PCT	PCT	PCT	PCT	PCT
Country	Australia	China	Germany	Japan	USA
Age (years)	MI: 53 (40–61); OP: 60 (48–63)	MI: 47.9 ± 8.5; OP: 53.2 ± 10.6	MI: 67 ± 8; OP: 68 ± 7	MI: 63 ± 9; OP: 66 ± 9	MI: 53.5 ± 12.5; OP: 52.6 ± 11.6
Number of participants	MI: 25; OP: 27	MI: 42; OP: 43	MI: 24; OP: 25	MI: 43; OP: 37	MI: 50; OP: 50
Gender
Male	MI: 12; OP: 13	MI: 13; OP: 16	MI: 14; OP: 10	MI: 14; OP: 12	MI: 16; OP: 18
Female	MI: 13; OP: 14	MI: 29; OP: 27	MI: 17; OP: 8	MI: 29; OP: 25	MI: 34; OP: 32
Index levels
L3-4	MI: 0; OP: 2	MI: 3; OP: 3	MI: 2; OP: 1	4	MI: 4; OP: 3
L4-5	MI: 11; OP: 10	MI: 21; OP: 23	MI: 16; OP: 17	76	MI: 32; OP: 30
L5-S1	MI: 11; OP: 15	MI: 18; OP: 17	MI: 6; OP: 7	—	MI: 14; OP: 17
L4-S1	MI: 3; OP: 0	—	—	—	—
Follow-up term (months)	12	26 (13–35)	24	MI: 32 (24–49); OP: 40 (24–60)	24

MI: minimally invasive TLIF group; OP: open TLIF group; PCT: prospective comparative trials.