Effects of Physical-Cognitive Dual Task Training on Executive Function and Gait Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Means and standard deviations of gait performance variables before and after intervention in all testing conditions: simple task (ST) flat walking, complex single task (cST) walking with hurdles, simple dual task (sDT) flat walking with RNG, and complex dual task (cDT) walking with hurdles and RNG.

	Simple gait (sST)	Complex gait (cST)	Simple gait-cognitive task (sDT)	Complex gait-cognitive task (cDT)
Speed average
Pre	1.24 ± 0.14	1.06 ± 0.12	1.11 ± 0.20	0.99 ± 0.17
Post	1.26 ± 0.16	1.24 ± 0.14	1.16 ± 0.19	1.00 ± 0.15
Speed CV
Pre	4.48 ± 2.38	16.07 ± 3.46	5.55 ± 3.50	15.45 ± 2.98
Post	3.73 ± 1.28	16.35 ± 3.65	4.30 ± 1.60	15.83 ± 3.16
Speed CV DTE
Pre			41.31 ± 104.40	−2.09 ± 15.75
Post			28.58 ± 68.93	−1.25 ± 16.52
Stride length average
Pre	0.80 ± 0.06	0.79 ± 0.07	0.78 ± 0.06	0.78 ± 0.07
Post	0.80 ± 0.08	0.79 ± 0.08	0.78 ± 0.08	0.79 ± 0.08
Stride length CV
Pre	3.71 ± 1.48	8.84 ± 2.12	3.69 ± 1.63	8.61 ± 2.12
Post	3.14 ± 0.96	8.63 ± 1.59	3.13 ± 1.16	8.50 ± 2.21
Stride length CV DTE
Pre			5.35 ± 45.32	−0.15 ± 24.02
Post			5.52 ± 43.37	−0.86 ± 21.35
Stride time average
Pre	1.0 ± 0.08	1.20 ± 0.08	1.13 ± 0.26	1.29 ± 0.16
Post	1.00 ± 0.08	1.20 ± 0.09	1.06 ± 0.13	1.28 ± 0.12
Stride time CV
Pre	3.08 ± 2.24	18.68 ± 3.81	3.62 ± 2.75	18.31 ± 3.45
Post	2.06 ± 0.56	18.99 ± 4.22	2.74 ± 1.34	18.86 ± 4.16
Stride time CV DTE
Pre			48.08 ± 115.49	−0.35 ± 15.80
Post			45.18 ± 82.01	0.55 ± 14.15