Research Article

Vowel Imagery Decoding toward Silent Speech BCI Using Extreme Learning Machine with Electroencephalogram

Table 1

Classification accuracies in % employing SVM-R, ELM, ELM-L, ELM-R, and LDA for subject 2. The highest classification accuracy among the four classifiers is marked in bold for pairwise combination. Classification accuracies are expressed as mean and associated standard deviation. SVM-R, ELM, ELM-L, ELM-R, and LDA denote the support vector machine with radial basis function, extreme learning machine, extreme learning machine with a linear kernel, extreme learning machine with a radial basis function, and linear discriminant analysis, respectively.

Classifier/a/ versus /e//a/ versus /i//a/ versus /o//a/ versus /u//e/ versus /i//e/ versus /o//e/ versus /u//i/ versus /o//i/ versus /u//o/ versus /u//a/ versus /mute//e/ versus /mute//i/ versus /mute//o/ versus /mute//u/ versus /mute/

SVM-R
ELM
ELM-L
ELM-R
LDA