Anatomical Location of the Common Iliac Veins at the Level of the Sacrum: Relationship between Perforation Risk and the Trajectory Angle of the Screw

Figure 5

Three different levels of the inferior vena cava (IVC) formation ((a) high, (b) medium, and (c) low). of IVC formation. of promontorium.

(a)

(b)

(c)