Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice

Table 1

Advantages and disadvantages of KIM-1 (adapted from [19, 20]).

Advantages	Disadvantages
Can detect AKI earlier than serum creatinine	Primarily research tools
May suggest type of acute kidney injury	Is itself enough in diagnosis and prognosis, just as a part of “panel of biomarkers”
Can be measured in tissue, urine, and serum/plasma	Can be affected by numerous confounding variables
Urinary kidney injury molecule-1; (KIM-1) is a marker of tubular damage	Needs validation in appropriate clinical settings
Good sensitivity and specificity	High cost and poor availability
High prognostic value
ELISA commercial assay