Biodiversity and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Alpine Raw Cow’s Milk Cheeses

Table 4

GABA production (Mean ± sd) of the dominant clusters in sodium acetate buffer containing 7.0 mM L-glutamate after incubation for 24 h at the same temperature of the isolation medium. Clusters are ordered from the highest to lowest GABA producer.

Cluster	Species	Isolate number	Ripening time	Isolation medium and temperature	GABA production (mg/kg)
84C	Sc. thermophilus	3	24 h, 1-2 months	M17 45	80.0 ± 2.7
15C	Lb. paracasei	4	3–8 months	MRS 30	14.8 ± 5.3
21D-B	Lb. rhamnosus	6	24 h, 1-2 months	MRS (30, VAN)	11.3 ± 0.72
24D	Lc. lactis cremoris	2	24 h, 6 months	M17 30	9.0 ± 0.21
62B	Pc. pentosaceus	1	1 month	MRS 30	6.7 ± 0.61
80B	Lb. plantarum	2	15 d	MRS 30	5.2 ± 0.56
59B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	4.9 ± 0.20
70B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	4.6 ± 0.21
22B	Lb. paracasei	3	15 d	MRS (30, VAN)	4.2 ± 0.41
49B	Lb. paracasei	1	1 month	MRS 30	4.0 ± 0.8
54C	Lb. paracasei	1	3 months	MRS 30	4.0 ± 0.69
73D-C	Lb. paracasei	3	1–6 months	M17 30, MRS 30	4.0 ± 0.29
20B-C	Lb. paracasei	3	15 d, 3 months	MRS 30	4.0 ± 0.18
66B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS 30	4.0 ± 0.18
77D	Lb. paracasei	18	1-2–6 months	M17 30, MRS (30–45, VAN)	3.7 ± 0.71
68B	Lb. casei	3	2 months	MRS 30	3.6 ± 0.32
25D	Lc. lactis lactis	1	15 d	M17 30	2.8 ± 0.10
71B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	2.5 ± 0.52
28B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	2.5 ± 0.44
69B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	2.4 ± 0.31
34C	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS VAN	2.3 ± 0.37
50D	Lb. paracasei	10	15 d, 2-3–6–8 months	M17 30, MRS (30, VAN)	2.3 ± 0.25
76D	Lb. casei	5	24 h, 15 d	MRS 30	2.2 ± 0.71
36C	Lb. paracasei	3	1-2 months	M17 30, MRS 30	2.2 ± 0.41
58C	Lb. casei	2	3 months	MRS VAN	2.2 ± 0.14
75C	Lb. paracasei	1	1 month	M17 30	2.2 ± 0.14
51B	Lb. paracasei	2	15 d	MRS 30	2.1 ± 0.96
72D	Sc. thermophilus	2	2 months	MRS 30	2.1 ± 0.11
65B	Lb. paracasei	1	15 d	MRS 30	1.9 ± 0.69
38C	Lb. paracasei	1	2 months	MRS 30	1.8 ± 0.40
79B	Lb. paracasei	2	1–3 months	MRS 30	1.6 ± 0.39
52B-C	Lb. paracasei	5	15 d, 2–6 months	MRS (30, VAN)	1.6 ± 0.32
37D	Lb. paracasei	1	1 month	MRS VAN	1.6 ± 0.15
4B	Lb. paracasei	2	2–6 months	M17 30, MRS 30	1.5 ± 0.13
78B	Pc. pentosaceus	2	1-2 months	MRS 30	1.46 ± 0.08
53D	Lb. curvatus	5	1 month	MRS (30, VAN)	1.4 ± 0.98
14C	Pc. pentosaceus	2	3 months	MRS VAN	1.4 ± 0.89
29D	Lb. coryniformis ssp. torquens	2	8 months	MRS 30	1.4 ± 0.11
35C	Lb. paracasei	4	1 month	MRS (30, VAN)	1.33 ± 0.066
32C	Lc. lactis lactis	4	24 h	MRS 30, M17 45	1.3 ± 0.37
31C	Lb. paracasei	1	2 months	MRS VAN	1.3 ± 0.13
17C	Lb. paracasei	4	2–8 months	MRS (30, VAN)	1.2 ± 0.94
74D-C	Lb. paracasei	1	2 months	MRS 30	1.1 ± 0.22
55C	Pc. pentosaceus	2	3 months	MRS 30	1.06 ± 0.044
43B	Pc. pentosaceus	2	6 months	MRS 30	1.00 ± 0.099
23B	Lb. paracasei	3	15 d, 3 months	MRS VAN	1.0 ± 0.54
67B	Lb. paracasei	1	1 month	MRS 30	1.0 ± 0.15
5B	Lb. paracasei	1	3 months	MRS 30	1.0 ± 0.12
61C	Lb. paracasei	2	8 months	MRS 30	0.88 ± 0.081
39C	Ln. mesenteroides	5	3 months	MRS (30, VAN)	0.8 ± 0.64
18C	Lb. paracasei	3	3 months	MRS (30, VAN)	0.8 ± 0.20
60C	Pc. pentosaceus	3	15 d, 2-3 months	MRS (30, VAN)	0.72 ± 0.058
19D	Lb. coryniformis ssp. torquens	3	2-3 months	MRS (30, VAN)	0.6 ± 0.12
95B	Sc. thermophilus	1	15 d	M17 45	0.6 ± 0.10
94B	Sc. thermophilus	2	15 d, 2 months	M17 45	0.57 ± 0.071
40C	Ln. mesenteroides	6	1-2 months	MRS (30, VAN)	0.57 ± 0.013
8C	Sc. thermophilus	1	15 d	M17 45	0.56 ± 0.045
45D-C	Ln. mesenteroides	18	15 d, 1-2-3–8 months	M17 30, MRS (30, VAN)	0.54 ± 0.060
3B	Sc. thermophilus	2	24 h	M17 45	0.52 ± 0.041
26D	Lb. paracasei	1	8 months	M17 45	0.50 ± 0.42
83C	Sc. thermophilus	5	15 d, 3 months	M17 45	0.50 ± 0.046
87C	Sc. thermophilus	2	24 h	M17 45	0.5 ± 0.24
44D-C	Ln. mesenteroides	5	2–6 months	M17 30, MRS (30, VAN)	0.48 ± 0.017
42B-C	Ln. mesenteroides	2	1 month	MRS 30	0.4 ± 0.13
64C	Lb. plantarum	1	15 d	MRS 30	0.39 ± 0.027
63C	Ln. mesenteroides	2	1 month	M17 30	0.37 ± 0.033
86D	Sc. thermophilus	1	3 months	M17 45	0.35 ± 0.055
46D-C	Ln. mesenteroides	2	3 months	M17 30. MRS 30	0.34 ± 0.072
1D	Sc. thermophilus	2	15 d	M17 45	<0.25
2D	Sc. thermophilus	1	15 d	M17 45	<0.25
6C	Ec. faecalis	10	15 d, 1-2-3 months	M17 30-45	<0.25
7C	Sc. thermophilus	2	24 h	M17 45	<0.25
9D	Lb. coryniformis ssp. torquens	2	2 months	M17 30	<0.25
10C	Sc. macedonicus	3	3 months	M17 45	<0.25
11C	Sc. macedonicus	4	2 months	M17 45	<0.25
12D	Sc. macedonicus	2	24 h	M17 30-45	<0.25
13D	Sc. macedonicus	3	8 months	M17 45	<0.25
16D	Lb. acidipiscis	11	6–8 months	MRS (30, VAN)	<0.25
27B	Sc. thermophilus	1	2 months	M17 45	<0.25
30D	Ec. faecalis	1	2 months	M17 30	<0.25
33C	Lc. lactis cremoris	1	24 h	M17 30	<0.25
41D	Ec. faecalis	2	2 months	M17 30	<0.25
47C	Ln. mesenteroides	3	15 d, 2 months	M17 30	<0.25
48B	Lc. lactis cremoris	2	1 month	M17 30	<0.25
56D	Sc. macedonicus	2	3 months	M17 45	<0.25
57D	Ln. mesenteroides	2	1 month	M17 30	<0.25
81B	Lb. delbrueckii	1	2 months	MRS 30	<0.25
82B	Sc. thermophilus	5	24 h, 1 month	M17 45	<0.25
85D	Sc. thermophilus	3	1 month	M17 45	<0.25
88C	Sc. thermophilus	3	2 months	M17 45	<0.25
89C	Sc. thermophilus	3	24 h	M17 30	<0.25
90B	Sc. thermophilus	1	24 h	M17 45	<0.25
91B	Sc. thermophilus	5	1-2 months	M17 45	<0.25
92B	Sc. thermophilus	1	1 month	M17 45	<0.25
93B	Sc. thermophilus	1	1 month	M17 45	<0.25
96B	Sc. thermophilus	3	24 h	M17 45	<0.25
97C	Sc. thermophilus	1	24 h	M17 45	<0.25