Neuroprotective Effects of Clostridium butyricum against Vascular Dementia in Mice via Metabolic Butyrate

Figure 4

Representative photomicrographs of the histopathological changes in area CA1 of the hippocampus in mice. (a) HE staining. (b) TUNEL staining. Cells with a brown-stained cytoplasm are considered positive. Sham, sham-operated group; VaD, VaD model group; H, C. butyricum- (1 × 10⁸ CFU-) treated group; M, C. butyricum- (1 × 10⁷ CFU-) treated group; and L, C. butyricum- (1 × 10⁶ CFU-) treated group. Magnification: 400x. Scale bar = 20 μm.

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