Tetramethylpyrazine Enhances Vascularization and Prevents Osteonecrosis in Steroid-Treated Rats

Figure 6

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) upregulates VEGF and FLK1 protein and gene expression in the femoral heads of steroid-induced ONFH rats by western blot and real-time RT-PCR. VEGF and FLK1 expressions at both protein and mRNA levels in the femoral heads of steroid-induced ONFH rats with or without TMP treatment were detected by western blot ((a) and (b)) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR ((c) and (d)), respectively. Data are represented as the mean ± S.D. ( for control; for model; for TMP treatment groups, resp.). ^#, and ^##, compared with the control group, respectively. , compared with the model group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)