Tetramethylpyrazine Enhances Vascularization and Prevents Osteonecrosis in Steroid-Treated Rats

Figure 1

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) enhances osteogenesis and reverses bone marrow adipogenesis. (a) Histological features of the normal bone in normal rat and the osteonecrotic bone in steroid-induced ONFH rats with or without TMP administration. Statistical analysis on the differences of the ratio of empty lacuna (b), the adipose tissue area (c), and the adipocyte perimeter (d) in the control, model, TMP 20 mg/kg, and TMP 40 mg/kg groups. Data are represented as the mean ± SD ( for control; for model; for TMP 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, resp.). ^###, compared with the control group. and , respectively, compared with the model group. The arrow heads indicate adipose tissue and the arrows indicate empty lacuna.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)