MicroRNAs in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Overview of the Accumulating Evidence and Importance as Novel Biomarkers

Table 1

Deregulated miRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas.

Histology	miRNAs	Expression level	Function	miRNA target	Reference
Liposarcoma	miR-21, -26a (DDLS)	Increased	N/D	N/D	[12]
	miR-143, -145 (DDLS)	Decreased	Cell proliferation, apoptosis	BCL2, Topoisomerase 2A, PRC1, and PLK1	[12]
	miR-155 (DDLS)	Increased	Cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor growth	CK1α	[13]
	miR-218-1* (DDLS)	Increased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-144, -1238 (DDLS)	Decreased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-193b (DDLS)	Decreased	N/D (methylated)	N/D	[15]
	miR-1257 (DDLS)	Decreased	N/D	CALR	[16]
	miR-486 (MLS)	Decreased	Cell proliferation	PAI-1	[17]
	miR-486-3p, -1290 (MLS)	Decreased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-9, -891a, and -888 (MLS)	Increased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-1249, -296-5p, and -455-5p (PLS)	Increased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-200b*, -200, and -139-3p (PLS)	Decreased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-26a-2 (DDLS, MLS)	Increased	Clonogenicity, adipocyte differentiation, and cell apoptosis	RCBTB1	[18]
Rhabdomyosarcoma	miR-1, -133a/b	Decreased	Myogenic differentiation, cell proliferation	SRF, Cyclin D2	[23, 25]
	miR-206	Decreased	Myogenic differentiation, cell growth, cell migration, tumor growth, and correlation with prognosis	c-Met, PAX3, PAX7, CCDN2, HDAC4, and BAF53a	[23, 25–30]
	miR-26a	Decreased	N/D	Ezh2	[31]
	miR-203	Decreased	Myogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration, and tumor growth	p63, LIFR	[32]
	miR-335 (ARMS)	Increased	N/D	CHFR, HAND1, SP1	[24]
	miR-29	Decreased	Cell cycle arrest, muscle differentiation, tumor growth	YY1	[28, 32]
	miR-183	Increased	Cell migration, and cell invasion	EGR1, PTEN	[37]
	miR-9*	Increased	Cell migration	E-cadherin	[38]
	miR-200c	Decreased	Cell migration	N/D	[38]
	miR-17-92 cluster (ARMS)	Increased	Correlation with prognosis in 13q31 amplified ARMS	N/D	[39]
	miR-485-3p	N/D	Drug resistance	NF-YB	[40]
Leiomyosarcoma	miR-1, -133a, and -133b	Increased	N/D	N/D	[24]
	miR-17-92 cluster (uterine LMS)	Increased	Smooth muscle differentiation	N/D	[42]
	let-7 (uterine LMS)	N/D	Cell proliferation	HMGA2	[43]
	miR-221 (uterine LMS)	Increased	N/D	N/D	[44]
	miR-320a	Increased	N/D	N/D	[45]
	miR-133a, -1, and -449a	Increased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-483-5p, -656, and -323-3p	Decreased	N/D	N/D	[14]
Synovial sarcoma	miR-143	Decreased	N/D	SSX1	[24]
	miR-183	Increased	Cell migration, cell invasion	EGR1	[37]
	let-7e, miR-99b, miR-125a-3p	Increased	Cell proliferation	HMGA2, SMARCA5	[48]
	miR-200b*, -183, and -375	Increased	N/D	N/D	[14]
	miR-34b*, -142-5p, and -34c-3p	Decreased	N/D	N/D	[14]
MPNST	miR-34a	Decreased	Apoptosis	MYCN, E2F2, and CDK4	[49]
	miR-10b	Increased	Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	NF1	[53]
	miR-21	Increased	Apoptosis	PDCD4	[50]
	miR-204	Increased	Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	HMGA2	[52]
	miR-29c	Decreased	Cell invasion	MMP2	[51]
	miR-210, -339-5p	Increased	N/D	N/D	[51]
	miR-30d	Decreased	Apoptosis	KPNB1	[54]
Angiosarcoma	miR-520c-3p, -519a, and -520h	Increased	N/D	N/D	[55]
	miR-17-92 cluster (myc-amplified AS)	Increased	N/D	THBS1	[56]
Fibrosarcoma	miR-520c, -373	N/D	Cell growth, cell migration	mTOR, SIRT1	[58]
	miR-409-3p	N/D	Cell proliferation, tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis	ANG	[59]
UPS	miR-126, -223, -451, and -1274b	Increased	N/D	N/D	[45]
	miR-100, -886-3p, -1260, -1274a, and -1274b	Decreased	N/D	IMP3	[45]
Epithelioid sarcoma	miR-206, -381, and -671-5p	Increased	N/D	SMARCB1 (INI1)	[69]
Kaposi’s sarcoma	miR-155, -K12-11	N/D	N/D	BACH-1, FOS, and LDOC-1	[71, 76, 77]
	miR-155, -220/221, let-7	Decreased	Transition to tumorigenic endothelial cells	N/D	[79]
	miR-221/-222	Decreased	Cell migration	ETS1, ETS2	[80]
	miR-31	Increased	Cell migration	FAT4	[80]
	miR-15, 140	Increased	Transition to tumorigenic endothelial cells	N/D	[81]
	miR-24-2	Increased	N/D	N/D	[81]
Soft tissue sarcomas	miR-210	N/D	Correlates with age of tumor onset (male) and prognosis (female)	N/D	[82]

DDLS: dedifferentiated liposarcoma; MLS: myxoid liposarcoma; PLS: pleomorphic liposarcoma; LMS: leiomyosarcoma; ARMS: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma; AS: angiosarcoma; MPNST: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; UPS: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma; N/D: no data.