Nonpharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Table 1
Risk factors for contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
Patient-related
Procedure-related
(i) eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 before intra-arterial administration (ii) eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 before intravenous administration (iii) In particular, in combination with diabetic nephropathy dehydration congestive heart failure (NYHA grade 3-4) and low LVEF recent myocardial infarction (<24 hours) intra-aortic balloon pump periprocedural hypotension low hematocrit level age over 70 years concurrent administration of nephrotoxic drugs (iv) Known or suspected acute kidney injury
(i) Intra-arterial administration of contrast media (ii) High osmolality agents (iii) Large doses of contrast media (iv) Multiple contrast media administrations within a few days