Serological Evidence of Henipavirus among Horses and Pigs in Zaria and Environs in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Table 3

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of Henipavirus in horses in Zaria and environs.

Risk factor	Number	Number of seropositives (%)	Chi, df	value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Management system
Intensive	128	27 (21.1)	8.494, 1	0.0036	4.50	1.50–14
Semi-intensive	72	4 (5.5)
Animal purpose
Sport	106	27 (25.5)	17.172	0.0002	6.2	1.4–27
Leisure/traditional	56	2 (3.6)			1.5	0.20–11.1
Security	38	2 (5.3)			Ref.
Source of water
Well	33	1 (3)	4.692, 1	0.0303	0.14	0.02–1.1
Pipe-borne	167	30 (17.9)
Feed type
Homemade	88	6 (6.8)	9.043, 1	0.0026	0.25	0.10–0.65
Commercial	112	25 (22.3)
Feeding method
In the open	41	3 (7.3)	2.637, 1	0.1044	0.37	0.11–1.3
In the pen	159	28 (17.6)
Bat presence
No	59	3 (5.1)	22.4	<0.0085	4.63	1.35–15.9
Yes	141	28 (19.8)
Total	200	31 (15.5%)