Serological Evidence of Henipavirus among Horses and Pigs in Zaria and Environs in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Table 1

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of Henipavirus in pigs in Zaria and environs.

Risk factor	Number	Number of seropositive animals (%)	Chi, df	value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Management system
Intensive	55	32 (58.1)	60.92, 1	<0.0001	10.43	5.41–20.14
Semi-intensive	255	30 (11.7)
Source of animal
Imported	46	32 (69.5)	82.94, 1	<0.0001	17.83	8.56–37.25
Locally sourced	264	30 (11.3)
Source of water
Well	208	30 (14.4)	12.29, 1	0.0005	0.37	0.21–0.65
Pipe-borne	102	32 (31.3)
Feed type
Homemade	256	31 (12.1)	57.19, 1	<0.0001	0.10	0.05–0.20
Commercial	54	31 (57.4)
Feeding method
In the open	131	20 (15.2)	3.176, 1	0.0747	0.59	0.33–1.06
In the pen	179	42 (23.4)
Feed storage
No storage	171	11 (6.4)	70.69, 2	<0.0001	Ref.
Open	48	6 (12.5)			0.48	0.17–1.38
Feed house	91	45 (49.5)			0.07	0.03–0.15
Bat presence
No	128	42 (32.8)	22.4, 1	<0.0001	0.253	0.140–0.458
Yes	182	20 (10.9)
Total	310	62 (20)