Semi-supervised Learning for Automatic Modulation Recognition Using Haar Time–Frequency Mask and Positional–Spatial Attention

Table 6

Time complexity of machine learning methods and HTF-PSA-SSL.

Network	Time complexity
SVM [47]
RF [48]
HTF-PSA-SSL

is the number of samples, is the number of features used in each tree, is the number of trees in the forest. is number of convolutional layers, is the side length of the feature map output by each convolution kernel, is the kernel size of convolutions, and is the channels of convolutions.