A Novel Attack-and-Defense Signaling Game for Optimal Deceptive Defense Strategy Choice

Figure 3

In the signaling game tree for the forward direction, indicates that defender is sending signal and chooses strategy according to the signal, which is denoted as ; indicates that the attacker responds with action , which is denoted as ; indicates that the attacker calculated as the posterior probability for the type of the defender, which is denoted as ; and the existence of a refined Bayesian equilibrium is abbreviated as .