Wideband Channel Modeling for mm-Wave inside Trains for 5G-Related Applications

<div>Power-Delay Profile and cluster identification for <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z" id="g113-101"></path></g></svg> = 6 m. (a) <i>θ</i> = 0°. (b) <i>θ</i> = 45°. (c) <i>θ</i> = 90°. (d) <i>θ</i> = 180°. At this distance, the clustering algorithm behaves in a very similar manner as for <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z" id="g113-101"></path></g></svg> = 2 m, but for <i>θ</i> = <span class="nowrap"><svg height="13.0648pt" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-2.268101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 21.1691 13.0648" width="21.1691pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M293 -169V-141C218 -131 209 -90 209 -44C209 19 222 85 222 152C222 207 198 255 139 269V273C199 286 222 334 222 388C222 454 209 523 209 588C209 632 218 671 293 681V709C234 709 148 695 148 577C147 513 155 438 155 372C155 337 152 291 64 285V256C152 250 155 204 155 169C156 105 148 31 148 -41C148 -157 234 -169 293 -169Z" id="g113-124"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.511,0)"><path d="M244 635C114 635 38 519 38 422C38 317 111 240 217 240C236 240 255 244 277 256L345 292C311 140 203 39 59 15L64 -15C89 -15 150 -5 204 17C339 72 440 202 440 386C440 521 368 635 244 635ZM228 602C326 602 352 479 352 390C352 370 351 347 348 324C327 308 293 296 258 296C174 296 124 369 124 458C124 517 152 602 228 602Z" id="g113-58"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.752,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.038,-5.741)"><path d="M339 262C339 340 273 403 193 403S48 340 48 262S113 121 193 121S339 184 339 262ZM283 262C283 210 242 168 193 168S104 210 104 262S144 356 193 356S283 314 283 262Z" id="g54-73"></path></g></svg>,</span> <svg height="13.0648pt" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-2.268101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 27.4325 13.0648" width="27.4325pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z" id="g113-57"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.48,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.79,-5.741)"><path d="M339 262C339 340 273 403 193 403S48 340 48 262S113 121 193 121S339 184 339 262ZM283 262C283 210 242 168 193 168S104 210 104 262S144 356 193 356S283 314 283 262Z" id="g54-73"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.805,0)"><path d="M283 255V284C195 290 192 337 192 375C192 436 200 508 200 580C200 696 116 709 54 709V681C127 671 139 634 139 588C138 524 125 452 125 387C125 333 149 286 209 272V268C148 253 125 206 125 151C126 87 139 16 139 -47C139 -92 127 -131 54 -141V-169C115 -169 200 -152 200 -41C200 32 192 104 192 164C192 202 195 249 283 255Z" id="g113-126"></path></g></svg> there are fewer clusters than in <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z" id="g113-101"></path></g></svg> = 2 m.</div>

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Wideband Channel Modeling for mm-Wave inside Trains for 5G-Related Applications 