Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures for Time Synchronization in TSCH Networks

Table 2

Comparison of different secure time synchronization protocols.

Secure Protocols	SATS [12]	SPS [8]	NMTS [15]	Our Proposed
Time Synchronization	ATS; (Distributed Synchronization)	TPSN; (Centralized Synchronization)	MTS; (Distributed Synchronization)	TSCH; (Centralized Synchronization)
Vulnerabilities	Reply Attack; Pulse-Delay Attack; Message Manipulation Attack	Forge/Modify Attack; Pulse-Delay Attack; Compromise Attack	Pulse-Delay Attack; Message Manipulation Attack	Reply Attack; Pulse-Delay Attack; Timeslot-template Attack; Error-accumulation Attack
Countermeasures	Logical Clock Checking; Hardware Clock Checking	Encryption; Authentication; TESLA	Maximum Consensus; Skew Estimation; Offset Compensation	Authentication; COF Algorithm; Improved TESLA; Multipath Approach
Energy Cost	High	Medium	High	Low