Review Article

Evolution of Positioning Techniques in Cellular Networks, from 2G to 4G

Figure 10

LPP conveying location related information between the UE and E-SMLC (or between the SET and the SLP, in user plane positioning). In the case of UE-based positioning, the UE sends its location estimate to the E-SMLC; in the case of UE-assisted positioning, the UE sends measurements (from GNSS constellations, from the LTE network, or form both, in the case of A-GNSS + OTDOA hybrid positioning).