Advances in Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases of Small Ruminants
Table 1
Common infectious respiratory diseases of small ruminants.
Sl. no.
Name of condition
Etiological agents
Affected species
Clinical signs
PM findings
Diagnostic tests
References
1
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae)
Goats and sheep
Mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotising and erosive stomatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia
Congestion of mucosa of respiratory tract, exudates in tract, hardening of lungs mainly in anterior lobes, congestion hemorrhages, and erosion in intestinal mucosa
HA, HI, ELISA, PCR-ELISA, RT-PCR, real-time PCR LAMP
Swelling of the lips and tongue and typical blue coloration of tongue, though this sign is confined to a minority of the animals. Nasal symptoms may be prominent, with nasal discharge and stertorous respiration
In sheep-oedematous face and ears, with dry, crusty exudate on the nostrils; hyperemic coronary bands of hooves; petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages may be present and extend down the horn. Petechiae, ulcers, and erosions in the oral cavity, particularly on the tongue and dental pad. The oral mucous membranes may be necrotic or cyanotic. The nasal mucosa and pharynx may be edematous or cyanotic, and the trachea hyperemic and congested. Froth is sometimes seen in the trachea
AGID, RNA-PAGE, FIT, RT-PCR, ELISA, and real-time PCR