Nature-Related Experience during Childhood in Urban and Rural Areas: The Case of Peninsular Malaysians
Table 1
Estimated parameter coefficients and standard errors (in parentheses) of the GLMM of the relationships between the experience with each activity and sociodemographic factors.
Number
Nature-related activity
Constant
Gender (male)
Childhood home (urban)
Age
Age childhood home (interactions)
Young
Middle-aged
1
Observing animals
(0.841)
−0.082 (0.308)
0.478 (0.325)
−0.205 (0.444)
−0.599 (0.464)
0.209
2
Climbing trees
(0.588)
(0.302)
(0.272)
(0.443)
(0.469)
3
Fishing
(0.348)
(0.247)
(0.238)
−0.363 (0.373)
−0.576 (0.347)
0.438
4
Catching frogs
(0.351)
(0.261)
−0.068 (0.267)
0.118 (0.380)
0.015 (0.349)
0.103
5
Catching spiders
(0.382)
(0.282)
−0.294 (0.293)
0.288 (0.409)
0.023 (0.380)
0.309
6
Collecting flowers and fruits
(0.628)
−0.091 (0.285)
−0.438 (0.295)
0.592 (0.415)
−0.027 (0.368)
−0.069
7
Eating self-collected fruit
0.506 (0.510)
0.298 (0.256)
−0.219 (0.257)
0.427 (0.365)
−0.095 (0.331)
−0.018
8
Collecting herbs and weeds
(0.348)
0.072 (0.273)
0.036 (0.267)
0.030 (0.363)
−0.406 (0.340)
9
Making a boat from bamboo
(0.416)
(0.012)
−0.244 (0.332)
−0.247 (0.467)
0.028 (0.405)
−0.626
10
Making a spinning top
(0.326)
(0.249)
−0.382 (0.253)
0.569 (0.353)
−0.292 (0.332)
0.627
11
Making a flower crown
−0.204 (0.318)
(0.255)
−0.451 (0.248)
0.134 (0.351)
−0.363 (0.334)
12
Making a bamboo gun
(0.435)
(0.282)
−0.333 (0.296)
0.160 (0.388)
−0.293 (0.359)
0.333
13
Playing with soil or sand
(0.308)
(0.236)
(0.249)
−0.004 (1.267)
−0.151 (1.184)
0.259
14
Collecting seeds and twigs
1.068 (0.572)
(0.109)
(0.055)
0.100 (0.077)
−0.014 (0.071)
0.165
15
Playing in rivers or waterfalls
(0.500)
(0.334)
−0.013 (0.333)
0.289 (0.428)
0.624 (0.411)
−0.063
16
Sliding on river banks and slopes
−0.418 (0.343)
(0.248)
(0.243)
0.039 (0.343)
0.001 (0.316)
0.272
17
Making kites
0.155 (0.389)
(0.256)
(0.250)
0.503 (0.355)
0.157 (0.323)
0.171
18
Participating in traditional outdoor games
(0.685)
(0.345)
−0.406 (0.340)
−0.515 (0.449)
(0.402)
Total number of nature-related activities experienced