Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, Palestine

Table 3

Determinants of the association between patient characteristics and need for renal replacement therapy.

Characteristic	Categories	Renal replacement therapy n (%)		value	Adjusted value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
		Yes	No
Complication	Hyperkalemia	34 (22.8)	115 (77.2)	0.01	0.435	0.610 (0.176–2.112)
	No hyperkalemia	12 (10.9)	98 (89.1)
	Hyperphosphatemia	20 (27.8)	52 (72.2)	0.009	0.045	0.324 (0.107–0.976)
	No hyperphosphatemia	26 (13.9)	161 (86.1)
	Hypermagnesemia	13 (19.4)	54 (80.6)	0.6	Not applied	Not applied
	No hypermagnesemia	33 (17.2)	159 (82.8)
	Metabolic acidosis	12 (66.7)	6 (33.3)	<0.001	0.016	0.180 (0.044–0.726)
	No metabolic acidosis	34 (14.1)	207 (85.9)
Stage	Stage 1	6 (9.5)	57 (90.5)	<0.001	Reference
	Stage 2	3 (3.9)	73 (96.1)		0.149	12.85 (0.401–411.41)
	Stage 3	37 (30.8)	83 (69.2)		0.019	38.773 (1.836–818.59)
Drug during admission	NSAIDS	17 (14.9)	97 (85.1)	0.2	Not applied	Not applied
	No NSAIDs	29 (20)	116 (80)
	Antibiotic	27 (17.2)	130 (82.8)	0.7	Not applied	Not applied
	No antibiotic	19 (18.6)	83 (81.4)
	ACE-I/ARBs	11 (20)	44 (80.0)	0.6	Not applied	Not applied
	No ACE-I/ARBs	35 (17.2)	169 (82.8)
	Diuretic	30 (23.6)	98 (76.4)	0.01	0.956	1.031 (0.344–3.095)
	No diuretic	16 (12.1)	116 (87.9)
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (IQR)		0.5 (0.44–0.66)		<0.001	<0.001	2.216 (1.398–3.514)

NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers, antibiotics (cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, bacitracin, and vancomycin), diuretics (furosemide, serum creatinine = the highest level registered during the same admission). The bold values signify values <0.05.