The Association between Depression Severity, Prosody, and Voice Acoustic Features in Women with Depression

Table 2

Prosodic and acoustic parameter means and their correlation with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D).

Parameters	Sample size	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Pearson coefficient HRS-D ( value)
F0^1	30	150.50	282.69	21.91	34.07	0.004 (0.98)
SD F0^2	30	1.56	40.62	9.34	9.40	−0.42 (0.04)
Jitter	30	1.36	4	2.09	0.56	0.39 (0.02)
Shimmer	30	6.35	16.72	9.77	2.55	0.28 (0.13)
HNR^3	30	4.59	16.16	12.10	2.50	−0.19 (0.30)
CPP^4	30	9.27	18.28	13.81	2.44	−0.15 (0.42)
Speed of speech (syllables per minute)	30	72	223.60	176.16	49.13	−0.56 (0.04)
Interrogative sentence duration (sec^5)	30	0.77	1.57	1.01	0.19	0.17 (0.35)
Declarative sentence duration (sec)	30	0.63	15.02	3.01	11.70	−0.22 (0.23)
First exclamatory sentence duration (sec)	30	1.04	2.73	1.94	0.44	0.08 (0.67)
Second exclamatory sentence duration (sec)	30	0.74	1.91	1.26	0.26	0.06 (0.75)

¹Fundamental frequency, ²standard deviation of fundamental frequency, ³harmonic-to-noise ratio, ⁴cepstral peak prominence, and ⁵seconds.