Proportion of Chromosomal Disorders and Their Patterns among Births with Congenital Anomalies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Table 1

Distribution of included studies on the proportion and patterns of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa, from January 2000 to October 2021.

Author	Year	Country	Design	Sample size	No of cases	Chrom prop	Down T-21	Edwards’ T-18	Patau T-13	Un-class	Turner	CHR Delet
Adane & Seyoum	2018	Ethiopia	CRS	19650	317	3.15	3.15
Taye et al.	2019	Ethiopia	CRS	76201	1518	6.78
Sileshi et al.	2021	Ethiopia	CRS	3346	199	3.0	3.01
Mombo et al.	2017	Gabon	CRS	3500	32	3.1	3.1
Ekanem et al.	2008	Nigeria	CRS	127,929	452	3.3	3.31
Ajao et al.	2019	Nigeria	CRS	1057	67	7.4	7.5
Ndibazza	2011	Uganda	RCT	2365	180	2.2	2.2
Abbey et al.	2017	Nigeria	CRS	7670	159	5.6	2.51	3.14
Tunde-II et al.	2021	Nigeria	CRS	502	61	16.3	8.19			8.1
Obu et al.	2012	Nigeria	CRS	607	17	5.8			5.8
Ekewere et al.	2011	Nigeria	CRS	200	200	7.5	1	2	2	2.5
Onyiriuka et al.	2016	Nigeria	CRS	13,858	101	4.9	2.97			1.98
Oluwafemi et al.	2019	Nigeria	CRS	39	39	10.2				7.6	2.56
Ekwunife et al.	2017	Nigeria	CRS	5010	108	2.7	2.77
Okonkwo et al.	2011	Nigeria	CRS	1513	85	5.8	4.7	1.17
Mashuda et al.	2014	Tanzania	CRS	445	131	6.1	2.3		3.81
Muga et al.	2009	Kenya	Cohort	7355	207	7.2	2.9	1.5	0.4	1.45	0.96
Shawky et al.	2011	Egypt	CRS	660,280	13543	24.5	18.6	0.31	0.26		1.50	1.05
Singh et al.	2015	Nigeria	CRS	10,163	72	1.38		1.38
Waghathu et al.	2019	Kenya	CRS	315	61	1.63				1.63
Nasio et al.	2020	Kenya	CRS	17,245	103	1.94	0.97					0.97
Abdou et al.	2019	Egypt	CCS	5710	5710	6.16
ElAwady et al.	2019	Egypt	CRS	1000	74	10.8	9.7					1.35
AbouEl-Ella et al.	2018	Egypt	CRS	100	100	7
Mohamed et al.	2011	Egypt	CRS	5000	103	27.1	17.4	1.9	0.97		4.85	1.94
El Koumi et al.	2013	Egypt	Cohort	2517	63	7.9	4.7	1.5			1.58
Shalaby et al.	2020	Egypt	Cohort	346	173	1.15	1.15
Afifi et al.	2011	Egypt	CRS	62,819	3417	9.3	7.3
Forci et al.	2020	Morocco	CRS	43,923	245	16.3	14.2	0.4	0.81	0.81
Abdu and Seyoum	2019	Ethiopia	CRS	22,624	310	2.58	2.5
Ehianu et al.	2020	Nigeria	CRS	3171	203	3.4	3.4
Ochoga et al.	2018	Nigeria	CRS	843	72	1.38
Munkonge et al.	2007	Zambia	CRS	1,501,200	5478	0.98	0.45					0.34
Anyanwu et al.	2015	Nigeria	CRS	1456	41	4.87	2.4			2.4
Kihshimba et al.	2015	Tanzania	CRS	28217	77	6.49	3.89	2.59
Saib et al.	2021	S. Africa	CRS	7516	117	12.8	11.1	0.85	0.85
Mkandawire et al.	2002	Malawi	CRS	9838	152	5.9	6
Poaty et al.	2018	DRC	CRS	4785	430	19.3	19.3
Christianson et al.	2002	S. Africa	CRS	6692	722	0.69	0.69
Lebese et al.	2016	S. Africa	CRS	13252	13252	9.32	9.3
Mombo	2017	Gabon	CRS	7712	32	3.1	3.12
Kitova	2013	Tunisia	CRS	150	150	5.3	1.3		0.6	3.3
Singh et al.	2000	Libya	CRS	16,186	151	23.1	21.8	1.32
Farag et al.	2020	Libya	CRS	14,262	142	55.6	43.6	0.7				1.4
Ghareba et al.	2014	Libya	CRS	4850	73	8.2	8.2
Haa EM et al.	2019	Libya	CRS	16765	98	41.8	32.7	4	5.1			1.02
Alkarshouf et al.	2019	Libya	CRS	81	81	48.1	48.1
El-Sabbagh et al.	2009	Egypt	CRS	18,702	308	5.84	4.2
Alburke et al.	2018	Libya	CRS	6239	73	5.47	1.3	4.1
Abdellah et al.	2018	Sudan	CRS	2541	54	12.9	13
Charlotte et al.	2015	Cameroon	CRS	6048	99	18.18	18.2
Ajibola et al.	2017	Botswana	CRS	2944	33	3.0	3.03
Zuechner et al.	2014	Tanzania	CRS	3982	1371	12.8	12.8
Cavaliere et al.	2021	Mozambique	CRS	4767	143	11.18	7	0.7	3.5
EL Madidi et al.	2021	Morocco	CCS	115	115	5.2
Karim et al.	2019	Morocco	CRS	1010	81	7.4
Elghanmi et al.	2020	Morocco	CRS	68704	706	12.3
Abd Allah	2016	Sudan	CRS	2720	40	5	5
Iroha et al.	2001	Nigeria	CRS	22288	353	2.83
Mukhtar-Yola et al.	2005	Nigeria	CRS	182	75	5.3	2.6			2.6

DRC-Democratic Republic of Congo, CRS-cross-sectional study, CCD-case control study, RCT-randomized control trial, CHR delet-chromosomal deletions, Turner-Turner syndrome, Un-class-unclassified chromosomal disorders, Chrom prop-proportion of chromosomal disorders, Down/T-21 = Down syndrome or Trisomy 21, Edwards’/T-18 = Edwards’ syndrome or Trisomy-18, and Patau/T-13 = Patau syndrome or Trisomy 13.