Multifaceted Social and Environmental Disruptions Impact on Smallholder Plantations’ Resilience in Indonesia

Table 2

Resilience level of smallholder plantations in Bengkulu province, Indonesia.

Dimensions/indicators	Ave. score	Std. dev.	Category	Ave. score	Std. dev.	Category	Ave. score	Std. dev.	Category	Ave. score	Std. dev.	Category
	Oil palm			Rubber			Coffee			Plantation
Adaptability	2.40	0.6370	Less adaptive 2.41	2.69	0.7709	Less adaptive 2.69	3.74	0.5454	Adaptive 3.74	2.95	0.8714	Less adaptive 2.95
Experience	2.95	0.8397		3.48	0.7187		3.68	0.7550		3.37	0.8303
Transformation	1.46	0.7436		2.52	1.6902		3.89	1.1796		2.62	1.6083
Transition	2.81	0.9967		2.08	0.6684		3.65	0.7700		2.85	1.0411
Recoverability	4.13	0.5179	Good 4.13	3.37	0.3926	Good 3.37	4.33	0.4714	Good 4.33	3.94	0.6215	Good 3.94
Robustness	4.07	0.6253		3.90	0.4392		4.17	0.6595		4.05	0.5919
Growth	4.53	0.4487		4.45	0.4649		4.56	0.5666		4.51	0.4968
Management	3.79	0.8366		1.75	0.8816		4.25	0.5538		3.27	1.3320
Anticipation	2.62	0.4368	Less anticipatory 2.62	2.00	0.6071	Less anticipatory 2.00	2.85	0.5127	Less anticipatory 2.85	2.49	0.6342	Less anticipatory 2.49
Preparedness	3.25	0.7580		2.92	0.8208		4.04	0.6801		3.40	0.8888
Prevention	1.94	0.7292		1.40	0.6909		2.35	0.6060		1.90	0.7805
Succession	2.66	0.7724		1.68	0.9341		2.15	1.0387		2.16	1.0031
Innovation	4.03	0.6389	Innovative 4.03	3.73	0.6478	Innovative 3.73	4.25	0.5468	Innovative 4.25	4.01	0.6471	Innovative 4.01
Initiative	4.09	0.9526		4.00	0.9958		4.00	0.9958		4.03	0.9798
Creativity	3.50	1.0073		2.70	1.4327		4.23	0.4976		3.48	1.2206
Entrepreneurship	4.49	0.4311		4.50	0.4663		4.53	0.5218		4.51	0.4735
Resilience score average	13.38				Less resilient smallholders	53.33%
Respondents	360				More resilient smallholders	46.67%

Source. primary data from field survey (2021).