| Application |
Modern researches | References | In vitro | In vivo |
| Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic antagonism inhibition | Microplate assay | Male Wistar rats∗ | [166, 167] | Alzheimer’s syndrome | | Human (clinical trial) | [168] | Anthelminthic activity | Pheretima posthuma | | [169] | Antiandrogenic activity | Mice | | [170] | Antiangiogenesis activity | Chicken eggs | | [171] | Antibacterial (antiseptic) activity | Bacteria | | [106, 172–175] | Antidysenteric activity | Wistar rats | | [176] | Antifertility effect | Male rat | | [115, 177, 178] | Antifungal activity | Trichophyton rubrum Hendersonula toruloidea | | [179, 180] | Antihyperglycemic activity (antidiabetic) | Mice, rat, rabbit | Wistar albino rats | [109, 181–188] | Antihypercholesterolemic activity (antihyperlipidemic) | Rabbit, rat | | [184, 189] | Anti-inflammatory activity | Rat | | [189] | Antimutagenic activity | Micronucleated erythrocytes | | [190] | Antineoplastic activity | Mice, rat | Clinical use | [113, 191–198] | Antioxidant activity | Rat | | [61, 184, 199] | Antiplasmodial activity | Human erythrocytes | | [200, 201] | Antiproliferative activity | Human cells | | [202, 203] | Antispermatogenic | Male rat, mice | | [204, 205] | Blood cleanser | | | [206] | Cytochrome P450 inhibition | CYP2D6 | | [207] | Cytotoxic activity | Human cell line | | [208, 209] | Enhances kidney and liver functions | Wistar rat | | [185, 210] | Epididymal dysfunction | Rat | | [211] | Generate giant spermatogonial cells | Albino rat | | [212] | Hypotensive activity | Rat | | [108] | Larvicidal activity | Anopheles stephensi (malaria vector); Aedes aegypti | | [213, 214] | Regression of accessory reproductive organs | Male Wistar rats | | [215] | Regression of entire reproductive system | Male rat | | [216] | Stomachic | — | | [108, 217] | Tonic | — | | [108, 217] | Tranquilizing and sedative action | — | | [101, 108, 217] | Wound healing | Rat | | [218] |
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