Research Article

Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles: Which Technology for an Urban Distribution Centre?

Table 2

Results of the FSMVRPTW-EV.

Number of shopsVehicle setComputing time (sec)Total cost (€)Total distance (km)Vehicles selected

5Quadricycles (A-ev, A-d)
Small vans (B-ev, B-d, and B-p)76133.24104.67B-ev1, B-ev1′
Large van (C-ev, C-d)32103.5177.88C-d1
Truck (D-ev, D-d, and D-h)48112.7777.88D-h1
Diesel only (A-d, B-d, C-d, and D-d)56103.5177.88C-d1
Electric only (A-ev, B-ev, C-ev, and D-ev)54116.4577.88C-ev1
All vehicles (A-ev, A-d, B-ev, B-d, B-p, C-ev, C-d, D-ev, D-d, and D-h)204103.5177.88C-d1

10Quadricycles (A-ev, A-d)
Small vans (B-ev, B-d, and B-p)291224.2164.68B-ev1, B-ev2, and B-ev1′
Large van (C-ev, C-d)195210.17150.28C-d1, C-d2
Truck (D-ev, D-d, and D-h)483159.04123.66D-h1
Diesel only (A-d, B-d, C-d, and D-d)515168.43123.66D-d1
Electric only (A-ev, B-ev, C-ev, and D-ev)476174.47123.66D-ev1
All vehicles (A-ev, A-d, B-ev, B-d, B-p, C-ev, C-d, D-ev, D-d, and D-h)1630159.04123.66D-h1

25Quadricycles (A-ev, A-d)
Small vans (B-ev, B-d, and B-p)3964389.28251.31B-ev1, B-ev2, B-ev3, B-ev4, and B-ev1′
Large van (C-ev, C-d)2160333.97209.12C-d1, C-d2, and C-d3
Truck (D-ev, D-d, and D-h)5476309.67217.28D-h1, D-h2
Diesel only (A-d, B-d, C-d, and D-d)13066307.22226.36D-d1, B-d1
Electric only (A-ev, B-ev, C-ev, and D-ev)11235291.59204.63D-ev1, A-ev1
All vehicles (A-ev, A-d, B-ev, B-d, B-p, C-ev, C-d, D-ev, D-d, and D-h)140380285.99217.28D-h1, B-ev1

Source: own setup.