Research Article

Image Analysis to Estimate Mulch Residue in Soil

Table 1

Thresholds and areas obtained after eliminating small objects. Thresholds: Otsu (), Ridler-Calvard (), manual thresholding (), and local entropy (). Soil areas by Otsu (), Ridler-Calvard (), manual thresholding (), local entropy (), and reference area ().

ImageMulch*BlockThresholdArea

1110.29020.28740.24680.505950.905249.496752.968039.821449.0100
2120.27450.27170.22970.466746.579745.562850.421438.719055.7600
3130.34510.34250.21580.552970.639670.886582.741461.265586.7600
4140.27060.26770.24940.509846.431045.797747.742427.550239.7300
5150.23530.22830.23900.466745.283146.410044.82759.667129.0600
6160.28240.27950.24300.180443.778343.810645.052667.679645.0500
7210.32550.32280.26910.584364.950163.450368.405143.672859.9000
8220.27840.27560.24830.192246.862744.734847.801365.069845.5200
9230.27450.26770.24990.141236.427035.716138.237057.568133.7800
10240.32160.31890.25990.560868.601468.076671.730952.924071.0700
11250.31370.31890.28970.349049.597250.156551.208352.374952.0200
12260.32550.32280.28190.552961.520362.473866.211838.561654.2500
13310.25880.25590.26160.090224.561424.645124.469545.899122.2100
14320.27450.26770.24060.180431.072531.384032.844444.176023.8300
15330.26670.25980.24000.117619.347518.806619.675445.081323.3600
16340.23920.23620.23320.141228.645828.881329.093046.752929.2300
17350.15690.13780.39190.9961 1.60471.9750 0.64060.0000 2.7600
18360.21180.20470.43270.152912.49047.4138 0.842044.7230 4.5300
19410.23530.23230.22970.470647.057847.143447.30976.902726.3000
20420.30980.30710.25170.133342.925843.005445.366860.316042.6000
21430.29800.29530.27730.156947.243546.515047.649766.611748.9300
22440.29800.29530.26620.160846.559946.645947.772463.726747.6600
23450.30590.29920.26220.227545.094145.976749.086559.398342.4800
24460.29020.28740.24390.149040.019235.556241.685459.281640.7600

Mulch 1: biodegradable (BD). Mulch 2: biodegradable (BD). Mulch 3: polyethylene (PE). Mulch 4: paper (PP).