Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass Density

Table 1

Animal studies effect of probiotics on bone.

Probiotic strain	Duration	Possible effect on bone	Subject	Method	Author and year
Lactobacillus reuteri 6475	4 weeks	(i) ↑Bone volume fraction; (ii) ↑Bone mineral density; (iii) ↑Bone mineral content; (iv) ↑Trabecular number and thickness of distal femur; (v) ↓Trabecular space; (vi) ↑Vertebral trabecular bone volume	Healthy male mice	Micro-CT	McCabe et al. 2013 [16]
Bifidobacterium  longum, fermented broccoli	12 weeks	↓Number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts	Male Wistar rats	Histologic measurements	Tomofuji et al. 2012 [17]
Bifidobacterium Longum (ATCC 15707)	28 days	(i) Bone weight, thickness, and length/NS; (ii) Strength of fracture/NS; (iii) ↑Ca, Mg bone content	Male Wistar rats	(i) Stainless-steel caliper; (ii) Three-point Texture Analyzer; (iii) Plasma emission spectrophotometer	Rodrigues et al. 2012 [23]
Lactobacillus paracasei  (NTU 101) and Lactobacillus plantarum (NTU102)	8 weeks	(i) Femur BMD/NS; (ii) Tb.Th/NS; (iii) ↑Tb.N; (iv) ↓Tb.sp	Ovariectomized mice	(i) CT system; (ii) SkyScan	Chiang and Pan 2011 [18]
Active Lactobacillus casei 393	6 weeks	(i) Femoral length/NS; (ii) ↑Dry weight of femur; (iii) ↑Ca and P in dry femur; (iv) ↑BMD and BMC; (v) ↑Bone strength	Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats	(i) Vernier caliper; (ii) Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission; (iii) DEXA; (iv) Three-point Texture Analyzer	Kim et al. 2009 [21]
Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis	6 weeks	(i) ↑Medial and lateral wall thickness of tibiotarsi; (ii) ↓Medullary canal diameter	Broiler chicks	(i) Dial caliper; (ii) Subtracting the thickness of the medial and lateral walls from the diameter at the diaphysis	Mutuş et al. 2006 [22]
Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16H	14 weeks	(i) ↑BMD and BMC; (ii) ↑Femur weight	Male rats induced-osteoporosis aging	DEXA	Narva et al. 2004 [24]

NS: not significant.
CT: computed tomography.
TRAP: tartrate resistant acid phosphatase.
Ca: calcium.
Mg: magnesium.
BMD: bone mass density.
Tb.Th: trabecular thickness.
Tb.N: trabecular number.
Tb.sp: trabecular separation.
BMC: bone mineral content.
DEXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.