Research Article

A Hybrid Digital-Signature and Zero-Watermarking Approach for Authentication and Protection of Sensitive Electronic Documents

Algorithm 1

Encoding algorithm.
Input: original cover-document , logo-watermark , fixed
set-size, , with = 2 (an inner-parameter).
Output: watermark key data-sequence, , based on
aggregation of (DAC) and second key generated by a
logical operation on and
(1) Convert to a character-stream, .
(2) Make a copy-document of the original cover-document, .
(3) Divide into -word sets according to the set-size .
(4)  for   = 1 to
   get th word-set from .
   add the Unicode values of all characters in each
   word of set- to produce and
   get next embedding-character e from
   add the Unicode value of e to , and convert
    and to binary values.
   while  bits left in to process  do
      perform XOR-classification using logical-
      bitwise operations on the th bit-position of
       and to generate an () result.
      aggregate all () results produced by
      passing through each of th bits (of first and
      second words in current set) in turn.
   end  while
   aggregate all bit-sequences produced by combining
   result for each of the previous word-sets, into .
end  for
(5) Obtain the first key-generated, , as the result of
aggregation of produced for all word-sets.
(6) Perform logical AND-operation between the and
to generate the second-key, .
(7) Output and for the whole document.