Shedding Light on the Controversy Surrounding the Temporal Decline in Human Sperm Counts: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Summary of studies, published from 1995 up to date, not showing a decline in sperm counts.

Publication date	Author	Location	Study period	Number of participants	Sperm count*
1996	Bujan et al. [44]	France	1977–1992	302	NC
1996	Vierula et al. [45]	Finland	1967–1994	5,719	NC
1996	Paulsen et al. [46]	United States	1972–1993	510	NC
1996	Fisch et al. [47]	United States	1970–1994	1,283	↑
1997	Berling and Wölner-Hanssen [48]	Sweden	1985–1995	718	↑
1997	Benshushan et al. [49]	Israel	1980–1995	188	NC
1997	Handelsman [50]	Australia	1980–1995	689	NC
1997	Rasmussen et al. [51]	Denmark	1950–1970	1,055	NC
1997	Zheng et al. [52]	Denmark	1968–1992	8,608	NC
1998	Emanuel et al. [53]	United States	1971–1994	374	NC
1998	Younglai et al. [54]	Canada	1984–1996	48,968	NC
1999	Andolz et al. [55]	Spain	1960–1996	20,411	NC
1999	Gyllenborg et al. [56]	Denmark	1977–1995	1,927	↑
1999	Zorn et al. [57]	Norway	1975–1994	1,108	NC
1999	Acacio et al. [58]	Slovenia	1983–1996	2,343	NC
2000	Itoh et al. [59]	United States	1951–1997	1,347	NC
2001	Costello et al. [60]	Japan	1975–1998	711	NC
2002	Marimuthu et al. [61]	Australia	1983–2001	448	NC
2003	Chen et al. [62]	India	1990–2000	1,176	NC
2003	Carlsen et al. [63]	United States	1989–2000	551	↑
2005	Mukhopadhyay et al. [64]	Denmark	1996–2001	158	NC
2010	Esteves et al. [65]	India	1980–2000	3,729	NC
2011	Axelsson et al. [43]	Sweden	2000–2010	511	NC
2012	Jensen et al. [42]	Denmark	1996–2010	4,867	↑

∗↑: significant increase; NC: no significant change.