Multiobjective Robust Design of the Double Wishbone Suspension System Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 1

Key point.

Key point	𝑥	𝑦	𝑧
Lca front	−200	−400	150
Lca back	200	−450	155
Lca outer	0	−750	100
Uca front	100	−450	525
Uca back	250	−490	530
Uca outer	40	−675	525
Shaft inner	0	−200	225
Spring lower	0	−600	150
Subframe front	−400	−450	150
Subframe back	400	−450	150
Tie rod inner	200	−400	300
Tie rod outer	150	−750	300
Spring upper	40	−500	650
The center of the wheel	0	−800	300