Research Article
[Retracted] An Improved Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Optimization of Process Planning
Table 2
Precedence constraints for the example part.
| ID | Features | Operations | Precedence constraints description |
| 1 | F1 | OP1 | is prior to | 2 | F2 | OP2 | is prior to | 3 | F4 | OP4 | is prior to | 4 | F5 | OP5 | is prior to |
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