Research Article
[Retracted] An Improved Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Optimization of Process Planning
Table 1
Operation selection for the example part.
| Feathers | Operations | Machines | Tools | TADs | Description |
| F1 | Drilling (OP1) | M1 | T1 |
− | M1: Vertical milling center
| M2 | T1 | M2: Drill press | F2 |
Milling (OP2) | M1 | T2 | + | T1: Drill | F3 | Milling (OP3) |
M1 | T4 | − | T2: End mill | T5 | − | T3 Drill | T4 | | T4: Chamfer cutter | T5 | | T5: Ball-nose cutter | F4 | Drilling (OP4) | M1 |
T3 |
− | T6: T-slot cutter | M2 | | F5 | Milling (OP5) |
M1 | T2 | | | T6 | | |
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