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First author Year | Country WHO regiona | Number of participants | Percentage of females | Participant characteristics | Research setting | Data collection methods | Type of barrier reported |
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Atre 2011 [24] | India SEARO | 160 | 50 | Community members | Rural | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Deribew 2010 [27] | Ethiopia AFRO | 750 | 58 | Community members | Rural and urban | Questionnaires; FGDs | Individual-level |
|
Mavhu 2010 [42] | Zimbabwe AFRO | 40 | 45 | Community members | Urban | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level |
|
Onifade 2010 [20] | Peru AMRO | 53 | NR | TB patients; health workers | Urban | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Rundi 2010 [34] | Malaysia WPRO | 58 | 53 | TB patients; family members; health workers | Rural | Interviews | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Skordis-Worrall 2010 [44] | South Africa AFRO | 8 FGD 6–8 each | NR | TB patients; community members | Urban | FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Gosoniu 2008 [28] | Bangladesh, India, Malawi SEARO, AFRO | 329 | 49 | TB patients | Rural and urban | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Jaggarajamma 2008 [29] | India SEARO | 276 | 31 | TB patients | Rural and urban | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level |
|
Somma 2008 [35] | Bangladesh, India, Malawi, Colombia SEARO, AMRO | 400 | 50 | TB patients | Rural and urban | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Weiss 2008 [39] | Bangladesh, India, Malawi SEARO, AFRO | 329 | 49 | TB patients | Rural and urban | Interviews | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Baral 2007 [26] | Nepal SEARO | 34 | NR | TB patients; family members; community members | Kathmandu Valley | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Ganapathy 2008 [41] | India SEARO | 16 FGD | NR | Community members | Urban | FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Karim 2007 [31] | Bangladesh SEARO | 102 | 49 | TB patients | Rural | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Yan 2007 [37] | China WPRO | 16–22 FGD 82 interviews | NR | TB patients; community members | Rural | Questionnaires; interviews; FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Zhang 2007 [23] | China WPRO | 714 | 50 | Rural farmers | Rural | FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Fochsen 2006 [40] | India SEARO | 22 | 23 | Health care providers | Rural and urban | Interviews | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
|
Atre 2004 [25] | India SEARO | 160 | 50 | Community members | Rural | Interviews | Individual-level |
|
Eastwood 2004 [19] | The Gambia AFRO | 45 | 40 | TB patients; health workers | Medical unit | Questionnaires; FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
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Rodríguez-Reimann 2004 [43] | USA AMRO | 166 | 53 | Community members w/TB positive family member | Urban | Questionnaires | Individual-level |
|
Sanou 2004 [21] | Burkina Faso AFRO | 28 FGD 8–12 each 68 interviews | NR | TB patients; non-TB patients; community members; traditional healers | Rural and urban | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level |
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Thorson 2004 [22] | Vietnam WPRO | 5 FGD 7-8 each 3 interviews | 33 | Physicians | General hospital; TB units | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level |
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Xu 2004 [36] | China WPRO | 16 FGD | 31 | TB patients; health workers; health providers | Rural | FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
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Long 2001 [32] | Vietnam WPRO | 16 FGD 8–10 each | NR | TB patients; non-TB patients | Rural and urban | FGDs | Individual-level |
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Johansson 2000 [30] | Vietnam WPRO | 4 FGD 8–10 each | NR | TB patients; community members | Rural and urban | FGDs | Individual-level Provider-/system-level |
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Ngamvithayapong 2000 [33] | Thailand WPRO | 85 | 33 | Community members; healthcare staff | Rural and urban | FGDs | Individual-level |
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Long 1999 [38] | Vietnam WPRO | 16 FGD 8–10 each | NR | TB patients; non-TB patients | Rural and urban | FGDs | Individual-level |
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Rajeswari 1999 [17] | India SEARO | 304 | 39 | TB patients; non-TB patients | Rural and urban | Interviews; FGDs | Individual-level |
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Liefooghe 1995 [18] | Pakistan SEARO | 48 | 50 | TB patients | Mission hospital | FGDs | Individual-level |
|