Milling Tool Wear State Recognition by Vibration Signal Using a Stacked Generalization Ensemble Model

Table 5

Extracted signal features.

Measured signal	Direction	Time domain	Frequency domain	Time-frequency domain	Total
Vibration signal	X/Y/Z	Mean, peak, RMS, variance, kurtosis, and skewness	Amplitude of TPF	IMF1–IMF7	42