Characteristics and Outcomes of Younger Adults with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS): A Retrospective Study

Table 2

Clinical outcomes in younger (≤ 50 years) vs. older (>50 years) patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS).

Outcome	Older with ESUS ()	Younger with ESUS ()	Effect size	-value	Adjusted effect size	-value
Poor outcome. No. (%)^∗	31 (28.7)	7 (17.9)	1.84 [0.7, 4.6]	0.2	0.8 [0.1, 5.5]	0.8
NIHSS score ≤5 at discharge. No. (%)^†	80 (74.8)	33 (84.6)	1.9 [0.7, 4.9]	0.2	0.3 [0.03, 2.4]	0.2
Median LOS (IQR) (days)	4.0 (8.5)	4.0 (7.0)	3.3 [−2.9, 9.5]	0.3	4.6 [−3.7, 12.9]	0.3

ESUS, embolic stroke of undetermined source; IQR, interquartile range; mRS, modified rankin scale; NIHSS, national institutes of health stroke scale; LOS, length of stay. ^∗Poor outcome is defined as mRS >2 [neurological disability] or mortality at discharge. mRS scores range from 0 (no neurologic deficit) to 6 (death). ^†NIHSS scores range from 0 (normal function) to 42 (death), with higher scores indicating a greater neurological deficit.