Research Article

AQUACOAST: A Simulation Tool to Explore Coastal Groundwater and Irrigation Farming Interactions

Table 2

Notation for parameters used.

ParameterEquationDefinitionUnits1Value2

aaet1Annual actual evapotranspirationmm·year−1200
appt1, 16Annual precipitationmm·year−1300
arfr15, 22Area of one farmha2.84
cdap7, 8, 19Calibration parameter to represent nonlinear variations in salinitydmnl3
cfpm2, 4, 9Hydraulic conductivitym·day−110
cfrf1Return flow coefficientdmnl0.2
cfro1, 16Runoff coefficientdmnl0.2
cwot20Costs of water other than energy€·m−31.4
dpwl2, 4Depth of pumping wells below sea levelm100
dtcp2, 4, 9Density contrast parameterdmnl0.025
dtfw2, 4, 9Freshwater densitykg·m−31.000
dtsw2, 4, 9Saltwater densitykg·m−31.025
efir21, 24, 26Irrigation system efficiencydmnl0.8
egcm20Energy required to pump one cubic meter one meterkwh·m−40.017
expf22Initial expected profit per irrigated farm€·year−123,000
hght20Average height of land surface above sea levelm100
idqt23Irrigation quotam3·ha−1·year−120,000
lgth1, 2, 4, 9, 11, 14, 19, 26Coastal aquifer lengthkm10
lttf1Lateral transference from other aquifershm3·year−17.9
oaag16If 1, then open-air agriculture else under plastic agriculturedmnl0
ocfm13Average opportunity cost for a farmer€·yr−123,000
ocfv13Coefficient of variation of the opportunity cost for a farmerdmnl0.29
octh21Other costs per hectare€·ha−1·year−140,053
prcp21, 24Crop price€·kg−10.76
preg20Price of energy€·kwh−10.05
pxys23If 1, then farmers seek economic optimum else they seek agronomic optimumdmnl1
pycm17, 24Potential marginal yield per cubic meter of waterkg·m−330
sfmz19Average salinity factor across a line segment connecting the FB and ABkg·m−3imp
slcl8, 18, 19Crop-limiting salinitykg·m−32
slfp18, 19Crop-specific calibration parameterkg·m−30.5
slfw7, 8, 19Freshwater salinitykg·m−30.15
slmz19Actual average salinity across a line segment connecting FB and AB, CDAB ≤ x ≤ CDFBkg·m−3imp
slsw7, 8Saltwater salinitykg·m−335
subh21Subsidies per hectare€·ha−1·year−10
tfex15, 22, 25Time for farmers to adjust expectationsyear3
tmbf6Time for current SB and FB to achieve equilibrium, freshening phaseyear10
tmbi6Time for current SB and FB to achieve equilibrium, intrusion phaseyear5
tmhe10Time for the FGS to achieve equilibriumyear5
vtmz4Vertical thickness of the MZm20
wdth1, 11, 26Coastal aquifer widthkm4
wrao17, 23, 24, 25Water requirement for agronomic optimum yieldm3·ha−1·year−17500
subscript 0Time zero, initial state of the systemyearunt
subscript sTime stepyear0.0078125
subscript tState of the system at a given timeyearunt

1 – dmnl = dimensionless; ha = hectare, 104 m2; € = EU Euros; 2 – imp = intermediate modelling parameter; unt = undefined time start or span.