Quality of Sleep and Its Correlates among Yemeni Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Sleep quality and sleep patterns overall and stratified by sex.

Characteristics	Female	Male	All		value
	: 142 (59%)	: 98 (41%)	: 240 (100%)
Overall sleep quality
Mean PSQI (SD)	6.27 (2.42)	7.70 (3.09)	6.85 (2.80)	16.251^§	≤0.001
Percentage poor sleepers	84 (59.2%)	79 (80.6%)	163 (67.9%)	12.252	≤0.001
Time of sleep				71.169	≤0.001
Before midnight	91 (64.1%)	14 (14.3%)	105 (43.8%)
At midnight	37 (26.1%)	34 (34.7%)	71 (29.6%)
After midnight	14 (9.9%)	50 (51%)	64 (26.7%)
Subjective sleep quality				7.482	0.058
Very good	40 (28.2%)	18 (18.4%)	58 (24.2%)
Fairly good	81 (57.0%)	56 (57.1%)	137 (57.1%)
Fairly bad	18 (12.7%)	16 (16.3%)	34 (14.2%)
Very bad	3 (2.1%)	8 (8.2%)	11 (4.6%)
Sleep duration (in hours)				15.593	0.001
>8	30 (21.1%)	7 (7.1%)	37 (15.4%)
7.1-8	89 (62.7%)	63 (64.3%)	152 (63.3%)
6.1-7	17 (12.0%)	13 (13.3%)	30 (12.5%)
≤6	6 (4.2%)	15 (15.3%)	21 (8.8%)
Sleep latency (minutes)				14.31	0.003
≤15	42 (29.6%)	14 (14.3%)	56 (23.3%)
16-30	55 (38.7%)	32 (32.7%)	87 (36.3%)
31-60	35 (24.6%)	35 (35.7%)	70 (29.2%)
≥60	10 (7.0%)	17 (17.3%)	27 (11.3%)
Day dysfunction due to sleep				3.082	0.379
Never	12 (8.5%)	6 (6.1%)	18 (7.5%)
< once a week	40 (28.2%)	35 (35.7%)	75 (31.3%)
1-2 times per week	79 (55.6%)	46 (46.9%)	125 (52.1%)
≥3 times per week	11 (7.7%)	11 (11.2%)	22 (9.2%)
Sleep efficiency (%)				8.251	0.041
≥85	112 (78.9%)	66 (67.3%)	178 (74.2%)
75-84	16 (11.3%)	9 (9.2%)	25 (10.4%)
65-74	5 (3.5%)	8 (8.2%)	13 (5.4%)
<65	9 (6.3%)	15 (15.3%)	24 (10.0%)
Use of sleep medicines				2.619	0.454
Never	130 (91.5%)	87 (88.8%)	217 (90.4%)
< once a week	6 (4.2%)	7 (7.1%)	13 (5.4%)
1-2 times per week	4 (2.8%)	1 (1.0%)	5 (2.1%)
≥3 times per week	2 (1.4%)	3 (3.1%)	5 (2.1%)