The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

Table 5

Logistic regression of dual use ¹ on not recommended sleep duration for specific age², NHANES 2015-2016, .

	Unadjusted			Model 1			Model 2
	Unadjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value
Dual use
Current use	2.95	1.90, 4.58	0.0006	2.80	1.68, 4.67	0.0041	2.62	1.65, 4.16	0.0010
Former use	0.70	0.29, 1.69	0.0525	0.86	0.37, 2.02	0.1415	0.86	0.37, 1.97	0.1492
Never use	1.00			1.00			1.00
Sex
Male				1.12	0.93, 1.36	0.2229	1.14	0.92, 1.41	0.2279
Female				1.00			1.00
Race/ethnicity
NHB				2.68	1.91, 3.76	<0.0001	2.71	2.02, 3.63	<0.0001
Mexican American				1.18	0.74, 1.88	0.2881	1.20	0.80, 1.82	0.2610
Other				1.15	0.71, 1.86	0.2687	1.20	0.77, 1.87	0.3334
NHW				1.00			1.00
Age in years
26-44				2.16	1.32, 3.54	0.0698	2.10	1.36, 3.24	0.0090
45-65				2.66	1.72, 4.11	<0.0001	2.19	1.42, 3.38	0.0016
18-25				1.00			1.00
Education
High school or less				1.94	1.40, 2.70	0.0007	1.78	1.32, 2.40	0.0002
More than high school				1.00			1.00
Insurance
No				0.84	0.58, 1.20	0.3038	0.84	0.61, 1.15	0.2805
Yes				1.00			1.00
Federal poverty level
≤200%				2.18	1.38, 3.44	0.0024	2.00	1.31, 3.06	0.0013
>200%				1.00			1.00
Chronic disease^3
Yes							1.73	1.32, 2.26	<0.0001
No							1.00
Alcohol use
Heavy use							1.76	1.19, 2.59	0.0803
No							1.63	1.07, 2.49	0.2596
Moderate							1.00

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; NHB: non-Hispanic black; NHW: non-Hispanic white. Reference groups are identified as having an odds ratio of 1.00. ¹Dual use categories: current dual use = use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes over the previous 30 days; never dual use = any smoking category (current, former, never) and never electronic cigarette use or any electronic cigarette use category (current, former, never) and never cigarette use; former dual = having smoked >100 lifetime cigarettes but not having used cigarettes over the past 30 days and having used electronic cigarettes but not having used them over the past 30 days. ²Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times). ³Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. Model 1 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, and federal poverty level. Model 2 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, federal poverty level, chronic disease status, and alcohol use. A missing indicator was created for alcohol use (result not presented for missing category).