The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

Table 4

Logistic regression of electronic cigarette use on not recommended sleep duration for specific age¹, NHANES 2015-2016, .

	Unadjusted			Model 1			Model 2
	Unadjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	value
Electronic cigarette use
Current use	2.41	1.66, 3.50	0.0010	2.41	1.52, 3.82	0.0042	1.82	1.18, 2.79	0.0075
Former use	1.06	0.73, 1.53	0.0861	1.09	0.76, 1.57	0.1291	0.85	0.59, 1.24	0.513
Never use	1.00			1.00			1.00
Sex
Male				1.11	0.93, 1.34	0.2387	1.13	0.91, 1.40	0.2750
Female				1.00			1.00
Race/ethnicity
NHB				2.69	1.93, 3.74	<0.0001	2.67	2.01, 3.57	<0.0001
Mexican American				1.19	0.75, 1.88	0.2862	1.23	0.83, 1.82	0.3074
Other				1.16	0.73, 1.84	0.2687	1.21	0.80, 1.85	0.3480
NHW				1.00			1.00
Age in years
26-44				2.24	1.36, 3.69	0.0687	2.08	1.36, 3.20	0.0102
45-65				2.82	1.81, 4.42	<0.0001	2.20	1.43, 3.37	0.0014
18-25				1.00			1.00
Education
High school or less				1.93	1.39, 2.68	0.0007	1.72	1.29, 2.30	0.0003
More than high school				1.00			1.00
Insurance
No				0.83	0.59, 1.18	0.2814	0.83	0.61, 1.11	0.2004
Yes				1.00			1.00
Federal poverty level
≤200%				2.19	1.39, 3.43	0.0021	1.94	1.25, 3.02	0.0032
>200%				1.00			1.00
Yes							1.67	1.27, 2.19	0.0002
No							1.00
Alcohol use
Heavy use							1.68	1.14, 2.46	0.1564
No							1.68	1.09, 2.60	0.2090
Moderate							1.00

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; NHB: non-Hispanic black; NHW: non-Hispanic white. Reference groups are identified as having an odds ratio of 1.00. ¹Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times). ²Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. Model 1 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, and federal poverty level. Model 2 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, federal poverty level, smoking status, chronic disease status, and alcohol use. A missing indicator was created for alcohol use (result not presented for missing category).