The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

Table 3

Bivariate analysis of sleep duration with sample variables, NHANES, 2015-2016, .

	Not recommended sleep duration for specific age^1		May be appropriate sleep duration for specific age^1		value
	Number	Weighted percent	Number	Weighted percent
Electronic cigarette use					<0.0001
Current	41	13.9	150	6.3
Former	67	17.3	390	18.0
Never	276	68.8	1965	75.7
Cigarette use					<0.0001
Current use	132	35.5	494	20.1
Former use	56	16.5	424	19.8
Never use	196	48.0	1587	60.0
Dual use^3					<0.0001
Current	Cell size suppressed^4	10.8	87	3.9
Former	Cell size suppressed	2.8	85	4.3
Never	Cell size suppressed	86.4	2333	91.8
Sex					0.3620
Female	196	48.7	1300	51.0
Male	188	51.4	1205	49.0
Age in years					0.0009
18-25	48	11.0	515	18.7
26-44	152	41.3	988	39.7
45-65	184	47.7	1002	41.5
Race/ethnicity					<0.0001
Non-Hispanic white	82	45.2	750	61.6
Non-Hispanic black	138	25.7	531	11.3
Mexican American	114	19.7	790	17.0
Other	50	9.4	434	10.2
Education					<0.0001
High school/less	225	57.8	1158	35.3
More than high school	159	42.2	1347	64.7
Federal poverty level					<0.0001
≤200%	251	61.1	1274	37.2
>200%	133	38.9	1231	62.8
Health insurance					0.0328
Yes	286	78.4	1946	83.1
No	98	21.6	558	16.9
Body mass index					0.0910
Under/normal	167	44.2	982	39.6
Over/obese	209	55.8	1498	60.4
Alcohol use					<0.0001
No	116	26.9	732	22.2
Moderate	90	23.5	780	38.0
Heavy	111	33.9	609	26.5
Missing	67	15.7	384	13.4
Chronic disease^1, 2					<0.0001
Yes	176	46.8	743	28.5
No	208	53.2	1762	71.5
Sleepiness					<0.0001
0-1/month	122	25.8	1075	39.1
2-4/month	116	33.9	814	34.2
≥5/month	146	40.3	616	26.7

Abbreviations: wt: weighted; HS: high school. ¹Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times). ²Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. ³Dual use current = smoking cigarettes and using electronic cigarettes over the previous 30 days; former dual use = reporting having smoked >100 lifetime cigarettes and having ever used electronic cigarettes; never = reporting never having smoked >100 cigarettes and reporting never having tried electronic cigarettes. ⁴Numerical entries into the cell categories are suppressed for participant confidentiality.