The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016
Table 2
Bivariate analysis of electronic cigarette use with sample variables, NHANES 2015-2016, .
Current electronic cigarette use
Former electronic cigarette use
Never electronic cigarette use
value
Number
Weighted percentage
Number
Weighted percentage
Number
Weighted percentage
Electronic cigarette use
191
7.1
457
17.9
2241
75.0
Cigarette use
<0.0001
Current use
116
64.9
254
55.6
256
9.5
Former use
36
20.4
94
23.2
350
18.5
Never use
39
14.7
109
21.2
1635
72.0
Sex
0.0084
Female
76
39.4
218
51.1
1202
51.7
Male
115
60.6
239
48.9
1039
48.3
Age in years
<0.0001
18-25
60
28.3
128
27.0
375
14.8
26-44
80
42.9
186
40.4
874
39.5
45-65
51
28.9
143
32.6
992
45.7
Race/ethnicity
0.0604
Non-Hispanic white
77
63.1
186
66.1
569
58.1
Non-Hispanic black
38
9.6
105
12.1
526
13.2
Mexican American
52
15.4
106
13.0
746
18.4
Other
24
11.9
60
8.7
400
10.3
Education
<0.0001
High school/less
113
57.4
223
40.2
1047
35.1
More than high school
78
42.6
234
59.8
1194
64.9
Federal poverty level
0.0002
≤200%
114
53.2
270
48.1
1141
36.4
>200%
77
46.8
187
51.9
1100
63.6
Health insurance
<0.0001
Yes
137
76.3
332
76.8
1764
84.6
No
54
23.7
125
23.2
477
15.4
Body mass index
0.7431
Under/normal
69
36.7
187
41.8
849
39.9
Over/obese
121
63.3
267
58.2
1319
60.1
Alcohol use
<0.0001
No
24
8.8
55
9.7
769
27.1
Moderate
58
30.3
146
31.9
666
38.2
Heavy
80
46.3
191
44.6
449
21.3
Missing
29
14.6
65
13.8
357
13.5
Chronic disease1
0.0053
Yes
76
42.0
164
35.1
679
28.2
No
115
58.0
293
64.9
1562
71.8
Sleepiness
<0.0001
0-1/month
46
20.6
133
30.0
1018
41.2
2-4/month
65
31.9
159
35.2
706
34.2
≥5/month
80
47.6
165
34.8
517
24.6
Snoring
0.4828
0-2/week
105
59.5
220
52.1
1202
59.7
3-4/week
29
15.2
79
18.4
375
16.0
5 or more times/week
48
25.3
128
29.5
540
24.3
Snorting
0.0034
0-2/week
151
84.2
372
85.3
1916
90.5
3-4/week
18
11.0
24
5.7
117
5.0
5 or more times/week
13
4.8
39
9.0
90
4.5
Sleep duration for specific age2
<0.0001
Not recommended
41
19.9
67
9.9
276
9.4
May be appropriate
150
80.1
390
90.1
1965
90.6
Abbreviations: wt%: weighted column percent; HS: high school. values indicate Rao-Scott chi-square test Pr>ChiSq for current/former/never electronic cigarette use. 1Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. 2Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times).
