The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016
Table 1
Sample characteristics, NHANES 2015-2016, .
Number
Weighted percentage
Electronic cigarette use1
Current
191
7.1
Daily use
38
1.5
Intermediate use
35
1.6
Infrequent use
118
4.0
Former
457
17.9
Never
2241
75.0
Cigarette use
Current use
626
21.7
Former use
480
19.5
Never use
1783
58.8
Dual use2
Current
116
4.6
Former
94
4.2
Never
2679
91.2
Sex
Female
1496
50.7
Male
1393
49.3
Age in years
18-25
563
18.0
26-44
1140
40.0
45-65
1186
42.1
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white
832
60.0
Non-Hispanic black
669
12.7
Mexican American
904
17.3
Other
484
10.1
Education
High school/less
1383
37.6
More than HS
1506
62.4
Federal poverty level
≤200%
1525
39.7
>200%
1364
60.3
Health insurance
Yes
2233
82.6
No
656
17.4
Body mass index
Under/normal
1149
40.0
Over/obese
707
60.0
Alcohol use
No
848
22.7
Moderate
870
36.5
Heavy
720
27.2
Missing
451
13.6
Chronic disease2
Yes
919
30.4
No
1970
69.6
Sleepiness
0-1/month
1197
37.7
2-4/month
930
34.2
≥5/month
762
28.1
Snoring
0-2/week
1527
58.3
3-4/week
483
16.4
5 or more times/week
716
25.3
Snorting
0-2/week
2439
89.1
3-4/week
159
5.6
5 or more times/week
142
5.3
Sleep duration for specific age3
May be appropriate
2505
89.8
Not recommended
384
10.2
Abbreviations: wt%: weighted column percent; HS: high school. 1Current use = daily use over the past 30 days; intermediate use = use > 5 days to ≤29 days; infrequent use = ≥1 day to ≤5 days. 2Dual use current = smoking cigarettes and using electronic cigarettes over the previous 30 days; former dual use = reporting having smoked >100 lifetime cigarettes and having ever used electronic cigarettes; never = reporting never having smoked >100 cigarettes and reporting never having tried electronic cigarettes. 3Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. 4Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times).