The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

Table 1

Sample characteristics, NHANES 2015-2016, .

	Number	Weighted percentage
Electronic cigarette use^1
Current	191	7.1
Daily use	38	1.5
Intermediate use	35	1.6
Infrequent use	118	4.0
Former	457	17.9
Never	2241	75.0
Cigarette use
Current use	626	21.7
Former use	480	19.5
Never use	1783	58.8
Dual use^2
Current	116	4.6
Former	94	4.2
Never	2679	91.2
Sex
Female	1496	50.7
Male	1393	49.3
Age in years
18-25	563	18.0
26-44	1140	40.0
45-65	1186	42.1
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	832	60.0
Non-Hispanic black	669	12.7
Mexican American	904	17.3
Other	484	10.1
Education
High school/less	1383	37.6
More than HS	1506	62.4
Federal poverty level
≤200%	1525	39.7
>200%	1364	60.3
Health insurance
Yes	2233	82.6
No	656	17.4
Body mass index
Under/normal	1149	40.0
Over/obese	707	60.0
Alcohol use
No	848	22.7
Moderate	870	36.5
Heavy	720	27.2
Missing	451	13.6
Chronic disease^2
Yes	919	30.4
No	1970	69.6
Sleepiness
0-1/month	1197	37.7
2-4/month	930	34.2
≥5/month	762	28.1
Snoring
0-2/week	1527	58.3
3-4/week	483	16.4
5 or more times/week	716	25.3
Snorting
0-2/week	2439	89.1
3-4/week	159	5.6
5 or more times/week	142	5.3
Sleep duration for specific age^3
May be appropriate	2505	89.8
Not recommended	384	10.2

Abbreviations: wt%: weighted column percent; HS: high school. ¹Current use = daily use over the past 30 days; intermediate use = use > 5 days to ≤29 days; infrequent use = ≥1 day to ≤5 days. ²Dual use current = smoking cigarettes and using electronic cigarettes over the previous 30 days; former dual use = reporting having smoked >100 lifetime cigarettes and having ever used electronic cigarettes; never = reporting never having smoked >100 cigarettes and reporting never having tried electronic cigarettes. ³Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. ⁴Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times).