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Neighborhood conditions and Socio-behavioral characteristics | Less than 5 days/week of adequate sleep | Less than 7 days/week of adequate sleep |
Sociodemographic model |
Full socio-behavioral model |
Sociodemographic model |
Full socio-behavioral model |
Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI |
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Index of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions | | | | | | | | | | | | |
20.78–67.09 (least favorable) | 1.48 | 1.21 | 1.80 | 1.43 | 1.18 | 1.75 | 1.37 | 1.16 | 1.60 | 1.35 | 1.15 | 1.59 |
67.10–88.32 | 1.38 | 1.10 | 1.73 | 1.38 | 1.11 | 1.72 | 1.22 | 1.03 | 1.45 | 1.22 | 1.03 | 1.45 |
88.33–104.99 | 1.45 | 1.25 | 1.69 | 1.42 | 1.22 | 1.65 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.25 |
105.00–111.40 (most favorable) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Neighborhood safety | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Safe | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Unsafe | 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.72 | 1.40 | 1.17 | 1.66 | 1.21 | 1.05 | 1.39 | 1.19 | 1.04 | 1.37 |
Presence of garbage/litter in neighborhood | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.33 | 1.14 | 1.54 | 1.29 | 1.12 | 1.50 | 1.32 | 1.18 | 1.47 | 1.30 | 1.16 | 1.46 |
No | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Poorly kept or dilapidated/rundown housing in neighborhood | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.28 | 1.09 | 1.50 | 1.26 | 1.09 | 1.48 | 1.20 | 1.07 | 1.35 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.34 |
No | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Vandalism such as broken windows or graffiti in neighborhood | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.24 | 1.03 | 1.50 | 1.24 | 1.03 | 1.49 | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.39 | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.39 |
No | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Index of neighborhood built environment | | | | | | | | | | | | |
46.40–67.04 (low amenities) | 1.39 | 1.11 | 1.74 | 1.37 | 1.10 | 1.70 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.26 | 1.05 | 0.89 | 1.25 |
67.05–81.39 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 1.43 | 1.21 | 1.02 | 1.44 | 1.05 | 0.92 | 1.19 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.19 |
81.40–104.99 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.15 |
105.00–116.40 (high amenities) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Neighborhood access to sidewalks or walking paths | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
No | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.24 | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.24 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 1.07 |
Neighborhood access to parks or playgrounds | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
No | 1.21 | 1.05 | 1.40 | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.38 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 0.96 | 1.18 |
Neighborhood access to a recreation or community center | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
No | 1.13 | 1.01 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.09 |
Neighborhood access to a library or bookmobile | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
No | 1.24 | 1.05 | 1.47 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 1.47 | 1.05 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.92 | 1.20 |
Child's age (years) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6–8 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
9–11 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 1.71 | 1.33 | 1.08 | 1.64 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 1.36 | 1.18 | 1.04 | 1.34 |
12–14 | 2.40 | 2.02 | 2.85 | 2.13 | 1.79 | 2.54 | 1.95 | 1.73 | 2.20 | 1.86 | 1.64 | 2.10 |
15–17 | 4.06 | 3.45 | 4.78 | 3.37 | 2.83 | 4.01 | 2.54 | 2.25 | 2.86 | 2.35 | 2.06 | 2.67 |
Child's sex | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Male | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Female | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.24 | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.21 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-Hispanic white | 1.17 | 0.92 | 1.49 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.51 | 1.28 | 1.08 | 1.51 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.53 |
Non-Hispanic black | 1.16 | 0.90 | 1.50 | 1.11 | 0.86 | 1.45 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.18 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.18 |
Hispanic | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
American Indian/Alaska native | 1.06 | 0.65 | 1.75 | 1.08 | 0.67 | 1.76 | 0.97 | 0.68 | 1.38 | 0.98 | 0.69 | 1.40 |
Asian | 1.21 | 0.78 | 1.87 | 1.17 | 0.76 | 1.82 | 0.94 | 0.67 | 1.31 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 1.29 |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1.16 | 0.58 | 2.31 | 1.21 | 0.62 | 2.38 | 1.20 | 0.59 | 2.46 | 1.22 | 0.60 | 2.51 |
Non-Hispanic mixed race | 1.06 | 0.77 | 1.46 | 1.07 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 1.35 | 1.04 | 1.74 | 1.38 | 1.06 | 1.78 |
Other | 0.63 | 0.34 | 1.20 | 0.61 | 0.32 | 1.19 | 0.59 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 0.59 | 0.36 | 0.97 |
Child's nativity/immigrant status | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Born to immigrant parents | 0.80 | 0.65 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.83 |
Born to US-born parents | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Household composition | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Two-parent biological | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Two-parent stepfamily | 1.01 | 0.83 | 1.22 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.19 | 0.96 | 0.82 | 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.11 |
Single mother | 1.39 | 1.16 | 1.65 | 1.35 | 1.13 | 1.60 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.26 |
Other family type | 0.92 | 0.69 | 1.23 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.22 | 1.01 | 0.83 | 1.22 |
Place of residence | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Metropolitan | 1.15 | 1.01 | 1.29 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1.28 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 1.06 |
Non-metropolitan | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Household poverty status (ratio of family income to poverty threshold) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Below 100% | 0.93 | 0.74 | 1.16 | 0.88 | 0.70 | 1.10 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.93 | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.91 |
100%–199% | 0.86 | 0.71 | 1.04 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
200%–399% | 0.89 | 0.77 | 1.03 | 0.87 | 0.75 | 1.01 | 0.93 | 0.84 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.02 |
At or above 400% | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Highest household or parental education level (years) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
<12 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 1.25 | 0.86 | 0.65 | 1.13 | 0.90 | 0.72 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.70 | 1.08 |
12 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.08 | 0.85 | 0.71 | 1.01 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.97 |
13–15 | 0.93 | 0.80 | 1.08 | 0.89 | 0.77 | 1.03 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.96 |
16+ | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Television watching (number of hours per day) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
<1 | | | | 1.00 | Reference | | | | 1.00 | Reference |
1 | | | | 0.97 | 0.82 | 1.14 | | | | 0.95 | 0.84 | 1.08 |
2 | | | | 0.94 | 0.79 | 1.11 | | | | 0.95 | 0.85 | 1.08 |
>2 | | | | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.28 | | | | 0.91 | 0.79 | 1.05 |
Recreational computer use (number of hours per day) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
<1 | | | | 1.00 | Reference | | | | 1.00 | Reference |
1-2 | | | | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.40 | | | | 1.08 | 0.98 | 1.18 |
>2 | | | | 1.41 | 1.17 | 1.69 | | | | 1.20 | 1.02 | 1.41 |
Physical activity (number of days per week) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0 | | | | 1.47 | 1.22 | 1.77 | | | | 1.21 | 1.04 | 1.41 |
1-2 | | | | 1.45 | 1.21 | 1.75 | | | | 1.30 | 1.13 | 1.49 |
3-4 | | | | 1.07 | 0.93 | 1.22 | | | | 1.08 | 0.98 | 1.19 |
5+ | | | | 1.00 | Reference | | | | 1.00 | Reference |
Secondhand smoke exposure | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yes | | | | 1.23 | 1.04 | 1.46 | | | | 1.07 | 0.94 | 1.23 |
No | | | | 1.00 | Reference | | | | 1.00 | Reference |
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