Clinically Diagnosed Insomnia and Risk of All-Cause and Diagnosis-Specific Disability Pension: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Table 3
Stratified analyses. Insomnia and risk of all-cause incident disability pension (DP), Swedish nationwide cohort study; follow-up, 2006–2010.
In-/outpatient care with diagnoses of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (ICD-10: G 47.0)
No. of participants (%)
Person-years
No. of DPs
Crude IRR (95% CI)
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)a
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)b
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)c
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)d
Subcohort: men
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005 (unexposed)
2,585,422 (99.99)
12,254,479
57,137
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005
320 (0.01)
1,428
39
5.59 (4.09–7.64)
1.52 (1.11–2.08)
1.77 (1.29–2.42)
1.56 (1.14–2.13)
1.08 (0.79–1.47)
Subcohort: women
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005 (unexposed)
2,394,829 (99.99)
11,303,591
80,167
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005
311 (0.01)
1,316
46
4.76 (3.57–6.35)
1.44 (1.08–1.92)
1.37 (1.02–1.82)
1.21 (0.91–1.62)
0.89 (0.67–1.19)
Subcohort: no insomnia medications
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005 (unexposed)
4,755,427 (99.99)
22,613,214
103,607
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005
379 (0.01)
1,723
33
4.10 (2.92–5.74)
1.61 (1.15–2.27)
1.65 (1.17–2.32)
1.51 (1.08–2.13)
Subcohort: insomnia medications
e
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005 (unexposed)
224,824 (99.99)
944,857
33,697
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005
252 (0.01)
1,022
52
1.40 (1.07–1.84)
0.88 (0.67–1.16)
0.91 (0.70–1.20)
0.84 (0.64–1.10)
IRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence. IRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex (i.e., only in subcohorts for insomnia medications), education, and region of residence. IRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex (i.e., only in subcohorts for insomnia medications), education, region of residence, inpatient care, and specialized outpatient care. IRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex, education, region of residence, inpatient care, specialized outpatient care, and medications (i.e., antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives). At least one purchase of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives; July–December 2005.