Noncooperative 802.11 MAC Layer Fingerprinting and Tracking of Mobile Devices

Table 5

Comparison between the average number of frames received by the MS during the control test and the technique tests for 32 unique devices. The average number of frames received highly varies between devices but is greater than the control test for each technique except the Beacon technique.

	Average	Standard deviation
Control test	155.8	224.7
Common Beacons	148.2	219.4
Null Data	956.3	4529.8
ADDBA	168.9	233.5
GAS	13219.2	48693.7