| | Scientific name | Family | Traditional used part | Traditional method of use | Experimentalused part | Extraction methods | Experimental study | Results | Toxicity | Ref. |
| | Ailanthus altissima | Simaroubaceae | Flowers | Infusion | Flowers | Decoction (distilled water) | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21–23] | | Artemisia herba-alba | Asteraceae | Flowers | Infusion | Flowers | Decoction (distilled water) | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 24, 25] | | Capparis spinosa L. | Caparidaceae | Fruit | Mixed the dried fruit with honey | Root and aerial part | Maceration (distilled water, methanol, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) | In vitro | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (crude extract of root, IC50, 0.32, 0.36, and 4.32 mg/mL) (crude extract of aerial part, IC50, 0.023, 0.09, and 1.35 mg/mL) | No | [26–28] | | Caryophyllus aromaticus L. | Myrtaceae | Flowers | Infusion | Flowers | Decoction (distilled water) | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 24, 29] | | Citrullus colocynthis L. | Cucurbitaceae | Pulp | Decoction (water and honey) and maceration | Leaves | Soxhlet extraction (hexane, chloroform, and methanol) | In vitro | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase
IC50 = 0.58
IC50 = 1.8
IC50 = 5.96 | Toxic
LD50 = 2500 mg/kg | [26, 30, 31] | | | | | | | | Colchicum autumnale L. | Liliaceae | Seeds and capsule | — | — | — | — | Antigout action | Toxic | [10, 31] | | Ginkgo biloba L. | Ginkgoaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 32–34] | | Hyssopus officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Flowers | Infusion | Flowers | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 35–37] | | Lavandula angustifolia | Lamiaceae | Flowers | Infusion | Flowers | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 26, 37] | | Melissa officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | Hepatotoxic | [21, 26, 38] | | Mentha spicata L. | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 39, 40] | | Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 24, 37] | Smilax officinalis
Smilax medica
Smilax syphilitica
Smilax aristolochiifolia Mill
Smilax febrifuga Kunth.
Smilax regelii Killip and C.V. Morton Smilax aspera L. | Similaceae | Root | Cooking the herb with the meat. | Rhizome | Maceration | In vitro | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase
IC50 = 33% (methanol extract)
IC50 = 96% (water extract) | No | [26, 41, 42] | | Solidago virgaurea L. | Asteraceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 43, 44] | | Thymus vulgaris L | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 45, 46] | | Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | Leaves | Infusion | Leaves | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 24, 47] | | Zea mays L. | Poaceae | Stigma | Infusion | Stigma | Decoction | In vitro (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) | Inhibition of xanthine oxidase | No | [21, 45, 48] |
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