Local Ecological Knowledge on Climate Change and Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Strategies Promote Resilience in the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve, Zimbabwe
Table 1
Attributes of the study sites within the transition zone of the MZBR.
Attribute
Nyamakate Resettlement Area
Chundu Communal Area
Land use status
Planned Resettlement Area
Traditional Communal Area
Ownership
Government
Government
Management
Public
Public
Key stakeholders
Hurungwe Rural District Council
Hurungwe Rural District Council
Conservation initiatives
Year established
1980
1958
Size (ha)
110145
60753
Fauna
Domesticated animals
Domesticated animals
Flora
Dry savannah dominated by Miombo woodland
Dry savanna dominated by Miombo woodland
Climate
Marked seasonal annual rainfall 700–800 mm high means monthly temperatures approximately 40°C and average minimum temperatures are around 10°C
Human population
High (over 13000 small-scale subsistence farmers located in designated villages)
High (communal farmers in a typical rural setup villages)
Forms of tourism
Nonconsumptive tourism
Nonconsumptive tourism
Source of livelihoods for local communities
Semisubsistence agriculture, Communal Area Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE)
Subsistence agriculture, CAMPFIRE
Human-wildlife conflicts
Human carnivore conflict
Human carnivore conflict
Source: Chimhowu and Hulme [32]; Mbereko et al. [33]; Madhekeni and Zhou [34].