|
| MSC origin | Recipient, route of transplantation | Adverse immune reaction | Ref. |
|
Allogeneic
Ad or BM | Healthy horses; intravenous injection, 3 times D0, D14, D28 | Day 35: ↑ circulating CD8+ T cells after multiple iv injections of BM MSCs | [6] |
|
| Xenogeneic hBM | Sprague-Dawley rats:
Intracardiac injection
(i) Immunocompetent
(ii) Immunosuppressed (tacrolimus)
(iii) RNU athymic rats | ↑ macrophages in myocardium of immunocompetent rats from day 2 to day 7;
MLR test (peripheral blood of rats mixed with 1% or 10% of MSCs) showed ↑ lymphocyte proliferation in SD rats previously exposed to MSCs | [62] |
|
Xenogeneic
hESCs | Healthy mice, immunocompetent | Infiltrates of T cells and macrophages around injected MSCs; MSCs disappeared 3 days after transplantation (acute rejection) | [58] |
|
Xenogeneic
hBM | Rats
Intracardiac injection
RNU athymic rats
RNU + tacrolimus
Fisher + tacrolimus | Cells were present 6 weeks after transplantation in RNU rats with additional immunosuppression, in RNU rats without additional immunosuppression (tacrolimus) or in Fisher rats with immunosuppression no surviving hMSCs were found | [63] |
|
Allogeneic or syngeneic
BM MSCs | Wistar and Lewis rats;
Intracardiac injection immunocompetent | Allogeneic MSCs caused T cell and B cell activation and stimulated the humoral immune system to produce antibodies against the allogeneic cells—function was lost after 5 months | [64] |
|
Allogeneic, syngeneic, and third party
BM MSCs | BALB/c or B6 mice;
Sublethally irradiated mice intravenous injection | The addition of host (syngeneic) MSCs enhanced engraftment, while the infusion of donor (allogeneic) MSCs was associated with increased rejection of allogeneic donor BM cells and induce a memory T cell response. Third-party MSCs had a neutral effect on engraftment. | [65] |
|
| Allogenic donor/recipient MSCs | Rats: Lewis (donor), ACI (recipients); heart transplantation with or without immunosuppression (CsA) | Allogeneic MSCs did not prolong allograft survival. Treatment with low-dose CsA and MSCs accelerate allograft rejection in a rat heart transplant model | [66] |
|
